The expansion of coastal marine protected areas can suffer from two key drawbacks: (a) the difficulty of incentivizing local communities to manage areas for conservation when their livelihoods also depend on resource use; and (b) that many protected areas get situated residually, or in locations with limited value for either biodiversity conservation or livelihoods. Here, we discuss and analyze key characteristics of Tonga's Special Management Area (SMA) program, including both the mechanisms that have motivated its successful national expansion and its ability to configure no‐take reserves in areas that are considered to have high value to resource users. Granting communities exclusive access zones in exchange for implementing no‐take reserves has encouraged conservation actions while fostering long‐term relationships with resources. Ensuring no‐take reserves occurred within the boundaries of exclusive access zones enabled communities to protect areas of greater extractive values than they would have otherwise. We conclude that the success of this program offers a way forward for achieving targets in the global expansion marine protected areas.

中文翻译：

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激励共同管理以产生影响：推动汤加特别管理区计划在全国成功扩展的机制

沿海海洋保护区的扩大可能具有两个主要缺陷：（a）当他们的生计还取决于资源使用时，难以激励当地社区管理保护区；（b）许多保护区位于残骸中，或位于对生物多样性保护或生计价值有限的地方。在这里，我们讨论和分析汤加特别管理区（SMA）计划的关键特征，包括促使其成功进行全国扩张的机制，以及在被认为对资源使用者具有高价值的地区配置禁吃区的能力。 。授予社区专属进入区以换取实施禁采区，这鼓励了保护行动，同时与资源建立了长期关系。确保禁区内发生禁采区，使社区能够保护比其他地区更大的采掘价值的地区。我们得出的结论是，该计划的成功为实现全球扩展海洋保护区的目标提供了前进的道路。