Dietary l ‐arginine (ARG) supplementation has been studied as a nutritional strategy to improve reproductive performance of pregnant sows, since arginine is a conditionally essential amino acid. However, reports addressing the molecular mechanisms that mediate supplementation effects on embryos and fetuses development are still scarce. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of 1.0% ARG supplementation of commercial pregnant gilts on genes and proteins from energy metabolism and antioxidant defense pathways in embryos and fetuses. We also analyzed the global transcriptome profile of 25‐ and 35‐day‐old conceptuses. At Day 25, we observed a lower abundance of phospho‐AMP‐activated protein kinase (phospho‐AMPK) protein and downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation system genes in ARG embryos. On the other hand, ARG fetuses showed greater expression of MLST8 and lower expression of MTOR genes, in addition to lower abundance of phospho‐AMPK and phospho‐mammalian target of rapamycin (phospho‐mTOR) proteins. Transcriptome analysis at Day 35 did not present differentially expressed genes. For the antioxidant defense pathway, no differences were found between CON and ARG conceptuses, only trends. In general, supplementation of gilts with 1.0% ARG during early gestation affects energy sensitive pathways in 25‐ and 35‐day conceptuses; however, no effects of supplementation were found on the antioxidative defense pathway in 25‐day embryos.

中文翻译：

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在妊娠早期补充后备母猪的 L-精氨酸可调节猪受孕时的能量敏感途径。

由于精氨酸是一种条件必需氨基酸，日粮补充L-精氨酸 (ARG) 已被研究作为改善怀孕母猪繁殖性能的营养策略。然而，关于介导补充剂对胚胎和胎儿发育影响的分子机制的报告仍然很少。因此，我们的目的是评估商业妊娠母猪补充 1.0% ARG 对胚胎和胎儿能量代谢和抗氧化防御途径的基因和蛋白质的影响。我们还分析了 25 日和 35 日龄受孕者的整体转录组概况。第 25 天，我们观察到 ARG 胚胎中磷酸 AMP 激活蛋白激酶（磷酸 AMPK）蛋白丰度较低，氧化磷酸化系统基因下调。另一方面，除了磷酸化AMPK和雷帕霉素磷酸化哺乳动物靶蛋白（磷酸化mTOR）蛋白丰度较低之外， ARG胎儿还表现出较高的MLST8表达和较低的MTOR基因表达。第 35 天的转录组分析未发现差异表达基因。对于抗氧化防御途径，CON 和 ARG 概念之间没有发现差异，只有趋势。一般来说，在妊娠早期给后备母猪补充 1.0% ARG 会影响受孕 25 天和 35 天的能量敏感途径；然而，没有发现补充剂对 25 天胚胎的抗氧化防御途径有影响。