Bike sharing could provide a key role in a transition towards a less car dependent and more sustainable, healthy and socially inclusive urban transport future. This paper investigates two important prerequisites for bike sharing to fulfil these premises: Does it synergise rather than compete with current alternatives to car-based urban mobility; and is it inclusively accessible across population and spatial segments? Drawing on complete 2016–2017 trip records of the Oslo (Norway) bike sharing system, this paper analyses the potential use of bike sharing for accessing, egressing and interchanging public transport and explores its age and gender dimensions. Bike sharing ridership is substantially higher on routes that either start or end with metro/rail connectivity, whilst controlling for other factors, such as route distance, elevation, urban form, time of day and bike dock capacities. However, our results also reveal that bike sharing – both as a stand-alone system and in conjunction with public transport – is less accessible to, suited to, and used by women and older age groups. Especially gender biases appear profound, multifaceted, and intersected by spatial inequalities favouring central male-dominated employment areas. These findings are discussed to derive policy and design directions regarding multimodal integration, dock expansion, rental limitations, and the introduction of e-bikes, to improve the performance, multimodal integration, gender equality and overall socio-spatial inclusiveness of bike sharing.

共享单车可以在减少汽车依赖和更加可持续，健康和具有社会包容性的城市交通未来发展中发挥关键作用。本文研究了共享单车来满足这些前提的两个重要先决条件：它是否与现有的以汽车为基础的城市出行方式相辅相成，而不是相互竞争？是否可以跨人口和空间细分全面访问？借助奥斯陆（挪威）自行车共享系统的完整2016-2017年出行记录，本文分析了自行车共享在访问，出口和交换公共交通方面的潜在用途，并探讨了其年龄和性别维度。在以地铁/铁路连接为起点或终点的路线上，共享自行车的乘客率要高得多，同时还要控制其他因素，例如路线距离，海拔，城市形态，时间和自行车停放区的容量。但是，我们的结果还表明，自行车共享（无论是作为独立系统还是与公共交通结合使用），对于女性和老年人群体而言，都难以获得，适合和使用。尤其是性别偏见显得深刻，多方面，并与有利于以男性为主的就业地区的空间不平等现象相交。讨论这些发现以得出有关多式联运，码头扩展，租金限制和电动自行车的引入的政策和设计方向，以改善自行车共享的性能，多式联运，性别平等和整体社会空间包容性。我们的研究结果还表明，自行车共享（无论是作为独立系统还是与公共交通工具结合使用），对于妇女和年龄较大的人群而言，都难以获得，适合和使用。尤其是性别偏见显得深刻，多方面，并与有利于以男性为主的就业地区的空间不平等现象相交。讨论这些发现以得出有关多式联运，码头扩展，租金限制和电动自行车的引入的政策和设计方向，以改善自行车共享的性能，多式联运，性别平等和整体社会空间包容性。我们的研究结果还表明，自行车共享（无论是作为独立系统还是与公共交通工具结合使用），对于妇女和年龄较大的人群而言，都难以获得，适合和使用。尤其是性别偏见显得深刻，多方面，并与有利于以男性为主的就业地区的空间不平等现象相交。讨论这些发现以得出有关多式联运，码头扩展，租金限制和电动自行车的引入的政策和设计方向，以改善自行车共享的性能，多式联运，性别平等和整体社会空间包容性。