The Eurotiales is a relatively large order of Ascomycetes with members frequently having positive and negative impact on human activities. Species within this order gain attention from various research fields such as food, indoor and medical mycology and biotechnology. In this article we give an overview of families and genera present in the Eurotiales and introduce an updated subgeneric, sectional and series classification for Aspergillus and Penicillium. Finally, a comprehensive list of accepted species in the Eurotiales is given. The classification of the Eurotiales at family and genus level is traditionally based on phenotypic characters, and this classification has since been challenged using sequence-based approaches. Here, we re-evaluated the relationships between families and genera of the Eurotiales using a nine-gene sequence dataset. Based on this analysis, the new family Penicillaginaceae is introduced and four known families are accepted: Aspergillaceae, Elaphomycetaceae, Thermoascaceae and Trichocomaceae. The Eurotiales includes 28 genera: 15 genera are accommodated in the Aspergillaceae (Aspergillago, Aspergillus, Evansstolkia, Hamigera, Leiothecium, Monascus, Penicilliopsis, Penicillium, Phialomyces, Pseudohamigera, Pseudopenicillium, Sclerocleista, Warcupiella, Xerochrysium and Xeromyces), eight in the Trichocomaceae (Acidotalaromyces, Ascospirella, Dendrosphaera, Rasamsonia, Sagenomella, Talaromyces, Thermomyces, Trichocoma), two in the Thermoascaceae (Paecilomyces, Thermoascus) and one in the Penicillaginaceae (Penicillago). The classification of the Elaphomycetaceae was not part of this study, but according to literature two genera are present in this family (Elaphomyces and Pseudotulostoma). The use of an infrageneric classification system has a long tradition in Aspergillus and Penicillium. Most recent taxonomic studies focused on the sectional level, resulting in a well-established sectional classification in these genera. In contrast, a series classification in Aspergillus and Penicillium is often outdated or lacking, but is still relevant, e.g., the allocation of a species to a series can be highly predictive in what functional characters the species might have and might be useful when using a phenotype-based identification. The majority of the series in Aspergillus and Penicillium are invalidly described and here we introduce a new series classification. Using a phylogenetic approach, often supported by phenotypic, physiologic and/or extrolite data, Aspergillus is subdivided in six subgenera, 27 sections (five new) and 75 series (73 new, one new combination), and Penicillium in two subgenera, 32 sections (seven new) and 89 series (57 new, six new combinations). Correct identification of species belonging to the Eurotiales is difficult, but crucial, as the species name is the linking pin to information. Lists of accepted species are a helpful aid for researchers to obtain a correct identification using the current taxonomic schemes. In the most recent list from 2014, 339 Aspergillus, 354 Penicillium and 88 Talaromyces species were accepted. These numbers increased significantly, and the current list includes 446 Aspergillus (32 % increase), 483 Penicillium (36 % increase) and 171 Talaromyces (94 % increase) species, showing the large diversity and high interest in these genera. We expanded this list with all genera and species belonging to the Eurotiales (except those belonging to Elaphomycetaceae). The list includes 1 187 species, distributed over 27 genera, and contains MycoBank numbers, collection numbers of type and ex-type cultures, subgenus, section and series classification data, information on the mode of reproduction, and GenBank accession numbers of ITS, beta-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) gene sequences.

Eurotiales是子囊菌纲中一个相对较大的目，其成员经常对人类活动产生积极和消极的影响。该目中的物种受到食品、室内和医学真菌学以及生物技术等各个研究领域的关注。在本文中，我们概述了结球菌目中存在的科和属，并介绍了曲霉属和青霉属的更新的亚属、部门和系列分类。最后，给出了Eurotiales中可接受的物种的完整列表。Eurotiales在科和属水平上的分类传统上是基于表型特征，并且此后这种分类受到基于序列的方法的挑战。在这里，我们使用九基因序列数据集重新评估了Eurotiales科和属之间的关系。基于这一分析，引入了新的青霉科，并接受了四个已知科：曲霉科、锦毛菌科、Thermoascaceae和Trichocomaceae。Eurotiales包括28个属：曲霉科中有15个属（Aspergillago、Aspergillus、Evansstolkia、Hamigera、Leiothecium、Monascus、Penicilliopsis、Penicillium、Phialomyces、Pseudohamigera、Pseudopenicillium、Sclerocleista、Warcupiella、Xerochrysium和Xeromyces ），毛霉科（ Trichocomaceae ）中的八种（Acidotalaromyces、Ascospirella、Dendrosphaera、Rasamsonia、Sagenomella、Talaromyces、Thermomyces、Trichocoma），两种属于嗜热子囊菌科（Paecilomyces、Thermoascus），一种属于青霉科（Penicillago）。Elaphomycetaceae的分类不是本研究的一部分，但根据文献，该科中存在两个属（Elaphomyces和Pseudotulostoma））。在曲霉属和青霉属中使用属下分类系统有着悠久的传统。最近的分类学研究集中在科级水平，从而在这些属中形成了完善的科分类。相比之下，曲霉属和青霉属的系列分类通常已经过时或缺乏，但仍然相关，例如，将一个物种分配到一个系列可以高度预测该物种可能具有的功能特征，并且在使用物种时可能有用。基于表型的识别。曲霉属和青霉属的大多数系列的描述都是无效的，在这里我们引入一个新的系列分类。使用系统发育方法，通常得到表型、生理和/或 extrolite 数据的支持，曲霉属被细分为 6 个亚属，27 个部分（5 个新）和 75 个系列（73 个新，1 个新组合），青霉属为 2 个亚属，32 个部分（7个新）和89系列（57个新，6个新组合）。正确识别属于Eurotiales的物种很困难，但至关重要，因为物种名称是信息的链接。可接受的物种列表有助于研究人员使用当前的分类方案获得正确的识别。在 2014 年的最新名单中，接受了339 种曲霉属、354 种青霉属和 88 种踝节菌属物种。这些数字显着增加，目前的列表包括 446 种曲霉菌（增加 32%）、483 种青霉菌（增加 36%）和 171 种踝节菌（增加 94%）物种，显示出这些属的巨大多样性和高度兴趣。我们扩展了该列表，包括属于Eurotiales的所有属和种（属于Elaphomycetaceae的除外）。该列表包括分布在 27 个属的 1 187 个物种，并包含 MycoBank 编号、模式和前模式培养物的保藏编号、亚属、科和系列分类数据、繁殖方式信息以及 ITS、beta 的 GenBank 登录号-微管蛋白 ( BenA )、钙调蛋白 ( CaM ) 和 RNA 聚合酶 II 第二大亚基 ( RPB2 ) 基因序列。