The interest in and understanding of the human microbiome has grown remarkably over recent years. Advances in molecular techniques have allowed researchers to identify and study the microbiota and also use this information to develop therapeutic solutions for a spectrum of conditions. Alongside the growing interest in the microbiome, societal changes have resulted in many couples looking to start families later in life, therefore increasing the demand for assisted reproductive technologies. Combining these trends, it makes sense that clinicians are eager to understand and exploit the microbiome of their patients, i.e. the reproductive microbiome, in order to help them achieve their goal of becoming parents. This paper aims to provide an overview of the current and future research into the reproductive microbiome in relation to fertility and also share clinical practice recommendations for physicians who are new to this field or unsure about how they can utilise what is known to help their patients.

近年来，人们对人类微生物组的兴趣和理解显着增长。分子技术的进步使研究人员能够识别和研究微生物群，并利用这些信息为一系列疾病开发治疗解决方案。随着人们对微生物组的兴趣日益浓厚，社会变化导致许多夫妇希望在晚年组建家庭，从而增加了对辅助生殖技术的需求。结合这些趋势，临床医生渴望了解和利用患者的微生物组，即生殖微生物组，以帮助他们实现成为父母的目标是有道理的。