Abstract Rigid polyurethane foams were manufactured using rapeseed oil-based polyol with hydroxyl number 270 mg KOH/g (10 wt% - 50 wt%) and ground egg shell waste as a natural filler (20 php) in a single-step synthesis procedure. The goal of the study was the investigation of the influence of renewable raw materials on the structure and physico-mechanical, thermal and biological properties of the final foams. The materials were analyzed using a variety of techniques involving: differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and computer tomography as well as other methods in accordance to polish and international standards. The results clearly indicate that the modification of the polyurethane composition with the rapeseed oil-based polyol and egg shells leads to a beneficial influence on the foam structure. Depending on the renewable raw materials content, the modified materials exhibited similar or improved characteristics (compressive strength, surface bacteria adhesion, friability, water absorption, thermal stability, dimensional stability) in comparison to the reference foams obtained using only petrochemical substrates.

中文翻译：

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菜籽油基多元醇与蛋壳对硬质聚氨酯泡沫结构和性能的协同作用

摘要 硬质聚氨酯泡沫是使用羟基值为 270 mg KOH/g (10 wt% - 50 wt%) 的菜籽油多元醇和磨碎的蛋壳废料作为天然填料 (20 php) 在一步合成过程中制造的。该研究的目的是研究可再生原材料对最终泡沫的结构和物理机械、热和生物特性的影响。使用各种技术对材料进行分析，包括：差示扫描量热法、热重分析、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和计算机断层扫描以及符合波兰和国际标准的其他方法。结果清楚地表明，用菜籽油基多元醇和蛋壳改性聚氨酯组合物对泡沫结构产生有益影响。根据可再生原材料的含量，与仅使用石化基材获得的参考泡沫相比，改性材料表现出相似或改进的特性（抗压强度、表面细菌粘附、脆性、吸水性、热稳定性、尺寸稳定性）。