Electrical stimulation (ES) has been shown to induce and enhance bone regeneration. By combining this treatment with tissue-engineering approaches (which rely on biomaterial scaffolds to construct artificial tissues), a replacement bone-graft with strong regenerative properties can be achieved while avoiding the use of potentially toxic levels of growth factors. Unfortunately, there is currently a lack of safe and effective methods to induce electrical cues directly on cells/tissues grown on the biomaterial scaffolds. Here, we present a novel bone regeneration method which hybridizes ES and tissue-engineering approaches by employing a biodegradable piezoelectric PLLA (Poly(L-lactic acid)) nanofiber scaffold which, together with externally-controlled ultrasound (US), can generate surface-charges to drive bone regeneration. We demonstrate that the approach of using the piezoelectric scaffold and US can enhance osteogenic differentiation of different stem cells in vitro, and induce bone growth in a critical-sized calvarial defect in vivo. The biodegradable piezoelectric scaffold with applied US could significantly impact the field of tissue engineering by offering a novel biodegradable, battery-free and remotely-controlled electrical stimulator.

电刺激（ES）已被证明可以诱导和增强骨再生。通过将这种治疗方法与组织工程方法（依靠生物材料支架来构建人造组织）相结合，可以实现具有强再生特性的替代骨移植物，同时避免使用潜在有毒水平的生长因子。不幸的是，目前缺乏安全有效的方法来直接在生物材料支架上生长的细胞/组织上诱导电信号。在这里，我们提出了一种新颖的骨再生方法，该方法通过采用可生物降解的压电 PLLA（聚（L-乳酸））纳米纤维支架将 ES 和组织工程方法相结合，该支架与外部控制的超声波（US）一起可以产生表面-电荷驱动骨骼再生。我们证明，使用压电支架和超声的方法可以在体外增强不同干细胞的成骨分化，并在体内诱导临界大小的颅骨缺损中的骨生长。应用超声的可生物降解压电支架可以通过提供一种新型的可生物降解、无电池和远程控制的电刺激器，对组织工程领域产生重大影响。