Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) have been developed rapidly in recent years and used in a wide range of application at point-of-care-testing (POCT), where small biomolecules can be conveniently examined on a test strip. Compared with other biochemical detection methods such as ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) or mass spectrometry method, LFIAs have the advantages of low cost, easy operation and short time-consuming. However, it suffers from low sensitivity since conventional LFIA can only realize qualitative detection based on colorimetric signals. With the increasing demand for more accurate and sensitive determination, novel nanomaterials have been used as labels in LFIAs due to their unique advantages in physical and chemical properties. Colloidal gold, fluorescent nanoparticles, SERS-active nanomaterials, magnetic nanoparticles and carbon nanomaterials are utilized in LFIAs to produce different kinds of signals for quantitative or semi-quantitative detection. This review paper first gives a description of the LFIA principles, and then focuses on the state-of-the-art nanomaterial labelling technology in LFIAs. At last, the conclusion and outlook are given to inspire exploration of more advanced nanomaterials for the development of future LFIAs.

横向流动免疫测定法（LFIA）近年来发展迅速，并在即时检验（POCT）上得到了广泛的应用，在现场即时检测中可以方便地检测小生物分子。与其他生化检测方法（如ELISA（酶联免疫吸附测定）或质谱法）相比，LFIA具有成本低，操作简便和耗时短的优点。但是，由于传统的LFIA只能实现基于比色信号的定性检测，因此灵敏度较低。随着对更准确和灵敏测定的需求不断增加，新型纳米材料因其在物理和化学性质方面的独特优势而被用作LFIA中的标记。胶体金，荧光纳米粒子，SERS活性纳米材料，LFIA中利用磁性纳米颗粒和碳纳米材料产生不同种类的信号，以进行定量或半定量检测。本文首先对LFIA原理进行了描述，然后重点介绍了LFIA中最新的纳米材料标记技术。最后，给出结论和展望，以激发对更先进的纳米材料的探索，以开发未来的LFIA。