Abstract A flexible 3D hierarchical porous carbon membrane was simply fabricated for supercapacitor electrode by using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as raw material and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as additive via nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS) and carbonization. Experimental results show that the as-prepared carbon membranes display typical spongy skeleton structure and excellent flexibility. The specific surface area, micropore, mesopore, and total pore volume of the carbon membranes are increased with the increase of PVDF content. The prepared carbon membranes show large specific surface area (491 m2 g−1) and 3D hierarchical porous structure. As free-standing electrode for supercapacitors, the carbon membranes exhibit a high specific capacitance of 265 F g−1 in three-electrode system and 212 F g−1 in two-electrode system at 0.05 A g−1 in 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. Such outstanding capacitive performance is due to the hierarchical porous structure and ameliorated surface chemical functional groups, offering a favorable pathway for ion penetration, considerable surface for accumulation of electrolyte ions and improving the surface accessibility for electrolyte ions. It is believed that the simple and effective approach to hierarchical porous carbon membranes have good application prospect in production of freestanding electrode of supercapacitors.

中文翻译：

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新型 3D 分级多孔碳膜作为超级电容器柔性独立电极的制备

摘要 以聚丙烯腈（PAN）和聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）为原料，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为添加剂，通过非溶剂诱导相分离（NIPS）和碳化，制备了柔性3D分层多孔碳膜，用于超级电容器电极。实验结果表明，所制备的碳膜具有典型的海绵骨架结构和优异的柔韧性。随着PVDF含量的增加，碳膜的比表面积、微孔、中孔和总孔容均增加。制备的碳膜显示出大比表面积 (491 m2 g-1) 和 3D 分级多孔结构。作为超级电容器的独立电极，在 0.05 A g-1 的 6 M KOH 水性电解质中，碳膜在三电极系统中表现出 265 F g-1 的高比电容，在两电极系统中表现出 212 F g-1 的高比电容。如此出色的电容性能归功于分级多孔结构和改善的表面化学官能团，为离子渗透提供了有利的途径，为电解质离子的积累提供了相当大的表面，并提高了电解质离子的表面可及性。相信这种简单有效的分级多孔碳膜方法在超级电容器独立电极的生产中具有良好的应用前景。如此出色的电容性能归功于分级多孔结构和改善的表面化学官能团，为离子渗透提供了有利的途径，为电解质离子的积累提供了相当大的表面，并提高了电解质离子的表面可及性。相信这种简单有效的分级多孔碳膜方法在超级电容器独立电极的生产中具有良好的应用前景。如此出色的电容性能归功于分级多孔结构和改善的表面化学官能团，为离子渗透提供了有利的途径，为电解质离子的积累提供了相当大的表面，并提高了电解质离子的表面可及性。相信这种简单有效的分级多孔碳膜方法在超级电容器独立电极的生产中具有良好的应用前景。