This study presented 96 cox1 and 76 cox3 genes of Amphioctopus neglectus populations. Three distinct lineages were formed from phylogenetic trees and networks constructed using haplotypes. Mitogenomes of A. neglectus-a and A. neglectus-b as the representatives of two lineages separated from population genetics were sequenced to compare with A. neglectus at the genome-level. Amphioctopus neglectus-a showed significant differences with A. neglectus, mainly reflected in gene length, intergenic regions and the secondary structure of tandem repeat motifs. Notably, two sequence deletions in mitogenomes of the two representative species were detected in different positions of major non-coding regions, which were the most distinct differences with A. neglectus. Pairwise genetic distances and the phylogenetic analysis supported the relationship of (A. neglectus-a + (A. neglectus + A. neglectus-b)). This study suggested that A. neglectus-a should be considered as a potential cryptic species of this complex, while A. neglectus-b needed further verification to be defined.

本研究提供了 96个小头鱼种群的cox1和 76 个cox3基因。三个不同的谱系由系统发育树和使用单倍型构建的网络形成。的Mitogenomes A. neglectus -a和A. neglectus -b从群体遗传学分开的两个谱系的代表进行测序与比较A. neglectus在基因组水平。Amphioctopus ignoreus -a 与A. noticeus有显着差异，主要体现在基因长度、基因间区域和串联重复基序的二级结构上。值得注意的是，在主要非编码区的不同位置检测到两个代表性物种的有丝分裂基因组中的两个序列缺失，这是与A. ignoreus最明显的差异。成对遗传距离和系统发育分析支持（A.ignoreus- a+（A.ignoreus  +  A.ignoreus- b））的关系。该研究表明，A.ignoreus -a 应被视为该复合体的潜在隐性物种，而A. ignoreus -b 需要进一步验证才能确定。