Abstract In the present study, a novel solar-based building energy system, which is integrated with both electricity and district heating grids, is proposed and modeled. The solar system uses photovoltaic-thermal panels and has neither a battery nor a heat pump. The elimination of the battery and heat pump is proposed to reduce the cost of the system to motivate the building owners to adopt the solution as a cheaper energy system for their buildings. In this way, the building energy system would be able not only to produce a major portion of the heat and electricity demands of the households but also to supply its excess production to the grids to decrease the energy bill of the building. As district heating systems are on the verge of a transformation to their next generations, it is important to know how this system would respond to the future designs and standards of district heating systems. That is why the simulations are accomplished based on different district heating integration scenarios, i.e. existing, low-temperature, and ultralow-temperature district heating systems. For doing the simulations and comparative analysis on the performance of the system in various dynamic operating conditions, TRNSYS software is employed. The results show that the ultralow-temperature district heating model is the most suitable case for integration with the proposed system. In this case, the building energy systems will supply over 400 m3 hot water to the heat network and about 1940 kWh surplus electricity to the power grid over an entire year. Due to a lower panel temperature, the system produces the largest amounts of electricity and heat (3647.4 kWh and 9118.5 kWh) compared to the other two cases. The maximum overall efficiency values of 74.51%, 62.35%, and 52.35% for ultralow-, low-, and the 3rd generation-district heating models are achieved.

中文翻译：

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结合各种区域供热设计的新型热电联产太阳能驱动建筑能源系统的比较性能评估

摘要 在本研究中，提出并建模了一种新型的太阳能建筑能源系统，该系统与电力和区域供热网相结合。太阳能系统使用光伏热板，既没有电池也没有热泵。建议取消电池和热泵以降低系统成本，以激励建筑物业主采用该解决方案作为其建筑物的更便宜的能源系统。通过这种方式，建筑能源系统不仅能够满足家庭的大部分热量和电力需求，而且能够将多余的产品供应给电网，以降低建筑的能源费用。由于区域供热系统即将向下一代转型，了解该系统将如何响应区域供热系统的未来设计和标准非常重要。这就是为什么基于不同的区域供热集成场景（即现有、低温和超低温区域供热系统）完成模拟的原因。采用TRNSYS软件对系统在各种动态工况下的性能进行仿真和对比分析。结果表明，超低温区域供热模型最适合与所提出的系统集成。在这种情况下，建筑能源系统全年将为热网供应超过400立方米的热水，并向电网提供约1940度电的剩余电力。由于面板温度较低，与其他两种情况相比，该系统产生的电力和热量最多（3647.4 kWh 和 9118.5 kWh）。实现了超低、低和第三代区域供热模型的最大总效率值 74.51%、62.35% 和 52.35%。