Abstract The use of grafting method by a dendrimer coupling with a nanomaterial in the modification of commercial polyamide reverse osmosis membranes is reported. This study provides the effect of grafting method with a hydrophilic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheet to reduce fouling. The response surface method with central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the input variables of the grafting process, i.e. dendrimer concentration, grafting time and grafting temperature, and the responses of this method included flux, salt retention and antifouling. First, the grafting conditions were optimized and next, different amounts of GO were dispersed in optimum formulation. The modified membranes were tested using humic acid (HA) solution for fouling test and NaCl and NaNO3 solutions for permeability and rejection tests by a cross-flow setup. The results from ATR-FTIR, SEM, AFM, contact angle and zeta potential analyses established successful grafting and modification. The modified PAMAM/GO and PAMAM membranes exhibited less fouling than the commercial reverse osmosis membranes. Among these, the modified membrane with 1.5 wt% PAMAM concentration at 30 °C of grafting temperature and 6 min grafting time with 1 wt% dispersed GO has the least amount of fouling and has the lowest contact angle, the best chlorine resistance; and improved desalination performance in real wastewater treatment.

中文翻译：

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通过接枝含有氧化石墨烯纳米片的聚酰胺胺树枝状聚合物对反渗透膜进行表面改性以改善海水淡化

摘要报道了通过树枝状聚合物与纳米材料偶联的接枝方法在商业聚酰胺反渗透膜的改性中的应用。该研究提供了接枝方法与亲水性聚酰胺胺 (PAMAM) 树枝状聚合物和氧化石墨烯 (GO) 纳米片的效果，以减少结垢。采用中心复合设计(CCD)响应面法优化接枝过程的输入变量，即树枝状大分子浓度、接枝时间和接枝温度，该方法的响应包括通量、盐保留和防污。首先，优化接枝条件，然后将不同量的 GO 分散在最佳配方中。改性膜使用腐殖酸 (HA) 溶液进行污染测试，使用 NaCl 和 NaNO3 溶液通过错流设置进行渗透性和截留测试。ATR-FTIR、SEM、AFM、接触角和zeta电位分析的结果表明接枝和改性成功。改进的 PAMAM/GO 和 PAMAM 膜表现出比商业反渗透膜更少的污垢。其中，在接枝温度30℃、接枝时间6min、1wt%分散GO的情况下，PAMAM浓度为1.5wt%的改性膜结垢最少，接触角最小，耐氯性最好；并提高了实际废水处理中的脱盐性能。接触角和 zeta 电位分析确定了成功的接枝和改性。改进的 PAMAM/GO 和 PAMAM 膜表现出比商业反渗透膜更少的污染。其中，在接枝温度30℃、接枝时间6min、1wt%分散GO的情况下，PAMAM浓度为1.5wt%的改性膜结垢最少，接触角最小，耐氯性最好；并提高了实际废水处理中的脱盐性能。接触角和 zeta 电位分析确定了成功的接枝和改性。改进的 PAMAM/GO 和 PAMAM 膜表现出比商业反渗透膜更少的污垢。其中，在接枝温度30℃、接枝时间6min、1wt%分散GO的情况下，PAMAM浓度为1.5wt%的改性膜结垢最少，接触角最小，耐氯性最好；并提高了实际废水处理中的脱盐性能。在30℃接枝温度和6分钟接枝时间下，5wt%PAMAM浓度与1wt%分散GO的结垢量最少，接触角最低，耐氯性最好；并提高了实际废水处理中的脱盐性能。在30℃接枝温度和6分钟接枝时间下，5wt%PAMAM浓度与1wt%分散GO的结垢量最少，接触角最低，耐氯性最好；并提高了实际废水处理中的脱盐性能。