Abstract The growing prevalence of artificial intelligence and digital media in children’s lives provides them with the opportunity to interact with novel non-human agents such as robots and voice assistants. Previous studies show that children eagerly adopt and interact with these technologies, but we have only limited evidence of children’s distinction between artificial intelligence and humans. In this study, the communication patterns and prosocial outcomes of interactions with voice assistants were investigated. Children between 5 and 6 years (N = 72) of age solved a treasure hunt in either a human or voice assistant condition. During the treasure hunt, the interaction partner supplied information either about their knowledge of or experience with the objects. Afterwards, children were administered a sharing task and a helping task. Results revealed that children provided voice assistants with less information than humans and that only the type of information given by a human interaction partner was related to children’s information selection. Sharing was influenced by an interaction between type of information and interaction partner, showing that the type of information shared influenced children’s decisions more when interacting with a human, but less when interacting with a voice assistant. Children in all conditions enjoyed the treasure hunt with the interaction partner. Overall, these results suggest that children do not impose the same expectations on voice assistants as they do on humans. Consequently, cooperation between humans and cooperation between humans and computers differ.

中文翻译：

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与语音助手互动的交流和社会后果

摘要 人工智能和数字媒体在儿童生活中的日益普及为他们提供了与机器人和语音助手等新型非人类代理进行交互的机会。先前的研究表明，儿童热切地采用这些技术并与之互动，但我们只有有限的证据表明儿童区分人工智能和人类。在这项研究中，调查了与语音助手互动的交流模式和亲社会结果。5 至 6 岁（N = 72）的儿童在人类或语音助手条件下解决了寻宝问题。在寻宝过程中，互动伙伴提供了有关他们对物品的了解或体验的信息。之后，孩子们接受了一项分享任务和一项帮助任务。结果显示，儿童向语音助手提供的信息少于人类，只有人类互动伙伴提供的信息类型与儿童的信息选择有关。共享受信息类型和交互伙伴之间的交互影响，表明共享的信息类型在与人类交互时对儿童的决定影响更大，但在与语音助手交互时影响较小。各种条件下的孩子都喜欢与互动伙伴一起寻宝。总体而言，这些结果表明，儿童对语音助手的期望与对人类的期望不同。因此，人与计算机之间的合作与人与人之间的合作有所不同。