In 2018, the United States Federal Energy Regulatory Commission established an order requiring all energy market operators in their jurisdiction to allow storage resources to participate as capacity resources. In response to the order, each market operator specified a minimum duration for storage resources to meet or exceed to qualify as peaking capacity. In this work, we assess the impacts of minimum storage duration requirements on energy storage buildout and system operation through 2050 in the United States electricity grid. We also investigate the role that future capital cost reductions play in energy storage deployment in the United States. We use a national-scale capacity expansion model and allow the model to choose from a suite of competing technologies, including battery storage devices of various durations as it builds out a least-cost system. We consider scenarios different minimum storage durations and storage cost projections. We find there is substantial economic potential – greater than 100 GW in some cases – for storage with durations of ten hours or less to provide peaking capacity in the United States. We also find that storage deployment is sensitive to minimum storage duration requirements. Longer requirements reduce the amount of storage deployed. Shorter requirements lead to more deployment, but if they are not adjusted to account for the declining capacity credit of storage, there is greater risk for instances of unserved energy. Our results indicate that the design and implementation of duration requirements can have substantial impacts on storage deployment and broader system reliability.

2018年，美国联邦能源监管委员会制定了一项命令，要求其管辖范围内的所有能源市场运营商都必须允许存储资源作为容量资源参与其中。为了响应该订单，每个市场运营商都指定了存储资源达到或超过合格峰值容量的最短持续时间。在这项工作中，我们评估了到2050年美国电网中最小存储持续时间要求对能量存储扩展和系统运行的影响。我们还研究了未来降低资本成本在美国储能部署中所扮演的角色。我们使用全国规模的产能扩展模型，并允许该模型从一系列竞争技术中进行选择，建立一个成本最低的系统，包括各种持续时间的电池存储设备。我们考虑了不同的最小存储持续时间和存储成本预测方案。我们发现，存在长达10个小时或更短的存储时间（在某些情况下大于100 GW）的巨大经济潜力，以在美国提供峰值容量。我们还发现存储部署对最小存储持续时间要求很敏感。更长的需求会减少部署的存储量。较短的需求导致更多的部署，但是如果不对它们进行调整以解决存储容量信用下降的问题，则存在未使用能源的更大风险。