The ability to precisely manipulate and control extruded materials is essential in the additive manufacturing industry. In addition to the gravity force acting on the extruded medium, here we demonstrate that the employment of a Coulomb force which results from a strategically applied electric field holds a great promise to enhance three-dimensional (3D) printing systems and derive new products. In particular, it is shown experimentally and theoretically that a strategically applied electric field can be used to pre-charge low-volume droplets (non-contact and direct methods), enhancing control during printing. Selectively applying the electric field (E.F.) allows a modified printer more flexibility during a multi-layered print on nearly any chosen substrate. For testing, droplets created on-demand from orifices within inkjet printing parameters were subjected to a transverse electric field. The electric field was generated by retrofitting electrodes to a direct writing (DW)-based 3D printer. The application of electrodes to the print head not only reduced the need for mechanical motion during printing but also revealed novel solutions to problematic printing applications, namely, 3D printing within confinements. These results divulge a plethora of new design opportunities for ink droplet control in 3D printing processes.

精确操纵和控制挤出材料的能力在增材制造行业中至关重要。除了作用在挤压介质上的重力外，我们还证明了使用战略性施加电场产生的库仑力具有增强三维（3D）打印系统并推出新产品的巨大希望。特别地，从实验和理论上表明，可以将策略性施加的电场用于预填充小体积液滴（非接触和直接方法），从而增强打印过程中的控制力。选择性地施加电场（EF）可使修改后的打印机在几乎任何选定的基材上进行多层打印时具有更大的灵活性。用于检测，从喷墨打印参数中的孔按需创建的液滴要经受横向电场。通过将电极改型为基于直写（DW）的3D打印机来产生电场。将电极施加到打印头上不仅减少了打印过程中对机械运动的需求，而且还揭示了针对有问题的打印应用（即局限内的3D打印）的新颖解决方案。这些结果为3D打印过程中的墨滴控制提供了许多新的设计机会。将电极施加到打印头上不仅减少了打印过程中对机械运动的需求，而且还揭示了针对有问题的打印应用（即局限内的3D打印）的新颖解决方案。这些结果为3D打印过程中的墨滴控制提供了许多新的设计机会。将电极施加到打印头上不仅减少了打印过程中对机械运动的需求，而且还揭示了针对有问题的打印应用（即局限内的3D打印）的新颖解决方案。这些结果为3D打印过程中的墨滴控制提供了许多新的设计机会。