Peptoids (or poly-N-substituted glycines) are a promising class of bioinspired sequence-defined polymers due to their highly efficient synthesis, high chemical stability, enzyme hydrolysis resistance, and biocompatibility. By tuning the side chain chemistry of peptoids, it allows for precise control over sequences and achieving a large side-chain diversity. Due to these unique features, in the last several years, many amphiphilic peptoids were designed as highly tunable building blocks for the preparation of biomimetic nanomaterials with well-defined hierarchical structures and desired functionalities. Herein, we provide an overview of the recent achievements in this area by dividing them into the following three aspects. First, mica- and silica-templated peptoid self-assembly are summarized. The presence of inorganic substrates provides the guarantee of investigating their self-assembly mechanisms and interactions between peptoids and substrates using nanoscale characterization techniques, particularly in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and AFM-based dynamic force spectroscopy (AFM-DFS). Second, solution-phase self-assembly of peptoids into nanotubes and nanosheets is presented, as well as their self-repair properties. Third, the applications of peptoid-based nanomaterials are outlined, including the construction of catalytic nanomaterials as a template and cytosolic delivery as cargoes.

类肽（或聚N（-取代的甘氨酸）是一类有前途的生物启发序列定义聚合物，因为它们具有高效合成，高化学稳定性，耐酶水解性和生物相容性的优点。通过调整类肽的侧链化学，可以精确控制序列并实现较大的侧链多样性。由于这些独特的功能，在最近几年中，许多两亲类肽被设计为高度可调节的构建基块，用于制备具有明确层次结构和所需功能的仿生纳米材料。在此，我们将其分为以下三个方面，以概述该领域的最新成就。首先，总结了云母和二氧化硅为模板的类肽自组装体。原位原子力显微镜（AFM）和基于AFM的动态力谱（AFM-DFS）。其次，介绍了类肽在纳米管和纳米片中的溶液相自组装及其自修复性能。第三，概述了类肽基纳米材料的应用，包括以催化纳米材料为模板的构建和以胞质为货物的运输。