We propose a novel reconfigurable hardware architecture to implement Monte Carlo based simulation of physical dose accumulation for intensity-modulated adaptive radiotherapy. The long term goal of our effort is to provide accurate dose calculation in real-time during patient treatment. This will allow wider adoption of personalised patient therapies which has the potential to significantly reduce dose exposure to the patient as well as shorten treatment and greatly reduce costs. The proposed architecture exploits the inherent parallelism of Monte Carlo simulations to perform domain decomposition and provide high resolution simulation without being limited by on-chip memory capacity. We present our architecture in detail and provide a performance model to estimate execution time, hardware area and bandwidth utilisation. Finally, we evaluate our architecture on a Xilinx VU9P platform as well as the Xilinx Alveo U250 and show that three VU9P based cards or two Alevo U250s are sufficient to meet our real time target of 100 million randomly generated particle histories per second.

我们提出了一种新颖的可重构硬件体系结构，以实现基于蒙特卡罗的强度调制自适应放射治疗的物理剂量累积模拟。我们努力的长期目标是在患者治疗期间实时提供准确的剂量计算。这将允许个性化患者疗法的广泛采用，这有可能显着减少对患者的剂量暴露以及缩短治疗时间并大大降低成本。所提出的架构利用了蒙特卡洛仿真的固有并行性来执行域分解并提供高分辨率仿真，而不受芯片上存储容量的限制。我们详细介绍了我们的架构，并提供了一个性能模型来估计执行时间，硬件面积和带宽利用率。最后，