The preparation of nanocrystalline powders of nonstoichiometric compounds such as carbides and oxides by high-energy milling is considered. The modern state of milling models for nonstoichiometric compounds is described. The influence of nonstoichiometry on the particle size of the produced nanopowders is discussed. The model dependences of the size of nanopowder particles on the duration of milling and the composition of nonstoichiometric compounds are compared with the literature experimental results on the milling of nonstoichiometric carbides and oxides. Diffraction methods for the certification of nanopowders according to the size of the nanoparticles, the magnitude of microstrains, and the uniformity of the microstructure are considered in detail. The importance of taking into account the anisotropy of microstrains in milled nanopowders is shown.

中文翻译：

---

非化学计量化合物的高能球磨

考虑通过高能研磨制备非化学计量化合物例如碳化物和氧化物的纳米晶体粉末。描述了非化学计量化合物的铣削模型的现代状态。讨论了非化学计量学对生产的纳米粉的粒径的影响。将纳米粉末颗粒尺寸对研磨时间和非化学计量化合物组成的模型依赖性与非化学计量碳化物和氧化物研磨的文献实验结果进行了比较。根据纳米粒子的大小，微应变的大小和微观结构的均匀性，对用于认证纳米粉末的衍射方法进行了详细考虑。