Identifying ways to reduce the burden of prostate cancer (Pca) or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a top research priority. It is a typical entanglement seen in men which is portrayed by trouble in micturition. It stands as a significant problem in our society. Different molecular biomarker has high potential to treat Pca or BPH but also causes serious side effects during treatment. The role of calcium signalling in the alteration of different biomarkers of Pca or BPH is important. Therefore, the photoswitch drugs may hold the potential to rebalance the altered calcium signaling cascade and the biomarker levels. Thereby play a significant role in the management of Pca and BPH. Online literature searches such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were carried out. The search terms used for this review were photo-pharmacology, photo-switch drug, photodynamic therapy, calcium signalling, etc. Present treatment of Pca or BPH shows absence of selectivity and explicitness which may additionally result in side effects. The new condition of the calcium flagging may offer promising outcomes in restoring the present issues related with prostate malignancy and BPH treatment. The light-switching calcium channel blockers aim to solve this issue by incorporating photo-switchable calcium channel blockers that may control the signalling pathway related to proliferation and metastasis in prostate cancer without any side effects. Schematic diagram explaining the proposed role of photo-switch therapy in curbing the side effects of active drugs in Pca (prostate cancer) and BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia). a) Delivery of medication by ordinary strategies and irreversible phototherapy causes side effects during treatment. Utilization of photo-switch drug to control the dynamic and inert condition of the medication can cause the medication impacts as we required in prostate cancer and BPH. b) Support of harmony between the calcium signaling is essential to guarantee ordinary physiology. Increment or abatement in the dimensions of calcium signaling can result in changed physiology. c) Major factors involved in the pathogenesis of BPH; downregulation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) can prevent BPH. Similarly, downregulation of α-1 adrenoceptor can reduce muscle contraction, while overexpression of β-3 adrenoceptor in BPH can promote further muscle relaxation in BPH treatment therapy. Inhibition of overexpressed biomarkers in BPH TRPM2-1: transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 1; TRPM2-2: transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2; Androgens; CXCL5: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5; TGFβ-1: transforming growth factor β-1; TXA2; thromboxane-2; NMDA: N-methyl-d-aspartate can be the potential target in BPH therapy.

中文翻译：

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前列腺癌和前列腺增生症中的光控钙信号传导

确定减轻前列腺癌（Pca）或良性前列腺增生（BPH）负担的方法是研究的重中之重。这是男人常见的纠缠，表现为排尿困难。这是我们社会的一个重大问题。不同的分子生物标记物具有治疗Pca或BPH的高潜力，但在治疗过程中也会引起严重的副作用。钙信号在Pca或BPH不同生物标志物改变中的作用很重要。因此，光开关药物可能具有重新平衡改变的钙信号传导级联和生物标志物水平的潜力。从而在Pca和BPH的管理中起重要作用。进行了在线文献搜索，例如PubMed，Web of Science，Scopus和Google Scholar。这篇评论中使用的搜索字词是光药理学，光开关药物，光动力疗法，钙信号传导等。目前对Pca或BPH的治疗显示缺乏选择性和明确性，这可能另外导致副作用。钙标记的新状况可能在恢复与前列腺恶性肿瘤和BPH治疗相关的当前问题方面提供有希望的结果。光开关钙离子通道阻滞剂旨在通过结合可光控钙离子通道阻滞剂来解决该问题，该光控钙离子通道阻滞剂可控制与前列腺癌增殖和转移相关的信号通路，而无任何副作用。示意图说明了光开关疗法在控制活性药物在Pca（前列腺癌）和BPH（良性前列腺增生）中的副作用方面的作用。a）通过常规策略和不可逆的光疗方式给药会在治疗过程中引起副作用。如我们在前列腺癌和前列腺增生症中所要求的那样，利用光敏开关药物控制药物的动态和惰性状态会引起药物影响。b）支持钙信号之间的和谐对保证正常的生理至关重要。钙信号传导尺寸的增加或减少会导致生理变化。c）前列腺增生症发病机理的主要因素；维生素D受体（VDR）和组蛋白脱乙酰基酶（HDAC）的下调可以预防BPH。同样，在BPH治疗中，α-1肾上腺素受体的下调可以减少肌肉收缩，而BPH中β-3肾上腺素受体的过表达可以促进肌肉进一步松弛。BPH TRPM2-1中过表达生物标志物的抑制：瞬时受体电位阳离子通道亚家族M成员1；TRPM2-2：瞬时受体电位阳离子通道亚家族M成员2；雄激素; CXCL5：CXC基序趋化因子配体5；TGFβ-1：转化生长因子β-1；TXA2；血栓烷2; NMDA：N-甲基-d-天冬氨酸可能是BPH治疗的潜在靶标。