Chikungunya (CHIKV), yellow fever (YFV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses circulate in sylvatic transmission cycles in southeastern Senegal, where they share common hosts and vectors. All three viruses undergo periodic amplifications, during which they are detected in mosquitoes and sometimes in hosts. However, little is known about their spatio-temporal patterns in years in which they undergo concurrent amplification. The aim of this study was to describe the co-amplification of ZIKV, CHIKV, and YFV, and the daily dynamics of these arboviruses and theirs vectors within villages in southeastern Senegal. Mosquitoes were collected monthly from July to December 2015. Each evening, from 6 to 9 PM, landing collections were performed by teams of 3 persons working simultaneously in 70 sites situated in forest (canopy and ground), savannah, agriculture, barren, and village (indoor and outdoor) land covers. Collections within villages were continued until 6 AM. Mosquitoes were tested for virus infection by virus isolation and RT-PCR. Seventy-five mosquito pools comprising 10 mosquito species contained at least one virus. Ae. furcifer and Ae. luteocephalus were infected by all three viruses, Ae. taylori by YFV and ZIKV, and remaining seven species by only, only YFV or only ZIKV. No single mosquito pool contained more than one virus. CHIKV was the only virus detected in all land cover classes and was found in the greatest number of sampling sites (32.9%, n = 70). The proportion of sites in which more than one virus was detected was less than 6%. Ae. aegypti formosus, Ae. furcifer, Ae. luteocephalus, Ae. minutus, Ae. vittatus, and An. gambiae were found within villages. These vectors were mainly active around dusk but Ae. furcifer was collected until dawn. All viruses save ZIKV were detected indoors and outdoors, mainly around dusk. Virus positive pools were detected over 2, 3 and 4 months for YFV, CHIKV and ZIKV, respectively. Our data indicate that the distribution of different vector species and different arboviruses vary substantially between sites, suggesting that CHIKV, YFV, and ZIKV may have different transmission cycles in Southeastern Senegal.

中文翻译：

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2015年，塞内加尔东南部虫媒病毒的聚焦点上同时扩增Zika，基孔肯雅热和黄热病病毒。

基孔肯雅热（CHIKV），黄热病（YFV）和寨卡病毒（ZIKV）病毒在塞内加尔东南部的sylvatic传播周期中传播，它们共享共同的宿主和载体。所有这三种病毒都经过周期性扩增，在此期间它们在蚊子中，有时在宿主中被检测到。但是，对于它们同时进行放大的年份，它们的时空模式知之甚少。这项研究的目的是描述ZIKV，CHIKV和YFV的共同扩增，以及塞内加尔东南部村庄内这些虫媒病毒及其载体的日常动态。从2015年7月至12月，每月收集一次蚊子。每天晚上6点至9点，由三人同时在森林（树冠和地面），大草原，农业，贫瘠，和村庄（室内和室外）土地覆盖。村庄内的收集工作一直持续到凌晨6点。通过病毒分离和RT-PCR测试蚊子的病毒感染。包含10个蚊种的75个蚊池中至少含有一种病毒。e furcifer和Ae。黄体感染了所有三种病毒，即Ae。taylori由YFV和ZIKV保留，仅剩下7种，仅YFV或仅ZIKV。没有一个蚊子池包含一种以上的病毒。CHIKV是所有土地覆盖类别中唯一检测到的病毒，并且在最大数量的采样点中被发现（32.9％，n = 70）。检测到一种以上病毒的站点比例不到6％。e Aegypti formosus，ae。Furcifer，Ae。黄cephal头 Minutus，Ae。vittatus，和安。在村庄内发现了冈比亚。这些媒介主要在黄昏附近活跃，但Ae活跃。收集藤茎直到天亮。在室内和室外（主要是在黄昏左右）检测到所有保存ZIKV的病毒。在2、3和4个月内分别检测到YFV，CHIKV和ZIKV的病毒阳性库。我们的数据表明，不同载体种类和不同虫媒病毒的分布在位点之间存在很大差异，这表明塞内加尔东南部的CHIKV，YFV和ZIKV可能具有不同的传播周期。