There is concern that a large proportion of scientific research is based on false-positive, non-replicable conclusions.1 As most experimental research in sports medicine is based on frequentist reasoning, p values have been at the centre of knowledge claims and new discoveries within this field. But many researchers and clinicians are unable to define or accurately interpret p values. Common misconceptions are that p values represent ‘the probability that the null hypothesis is true’ or ‘the probability that the hypothesis being tested is true’.2 In effect, p values only quantify the chances of getting the observed data (on the assumption that the null hypothesis is true) and therefore cannot exclusively inform clinical decision making. This editorial presents FAIR: a four-item approach to help validate new discovery in sports medicine. False-positive risk (FPR) is ‘the probability of observing a statistically significant p-value and declaring that an effect is real, when it is not’.2 Crucially, a study’s FPR can be high, even when the corresponding p values are low. In a systematic audit of high-quality randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in sports physiotherapy, 18% of ‘statistically significant’ findings had a …

中文翻译：

---

验证运动医学的新发现：我们需要超越 p 值的公平竞赛

令人担忧的是，大部分科学研究是基于假阳性、不可复制的结论。1 由于大多数运动医学实验研究基于频率论推理，因此 p 值一直是知识主张和新发现的中心。这个领域。但许多研究人员和临床医生无法定义或准确解释 p 值。常见的误解是 p 值代表“零假设为真的概率”或“被检验的假设为真的概率”。2 实际上，p 值​​仅量化获得观察数据的机会（假设零假设为真），因此不能专门为临床决策提供信息。这篇社论介绍了 FAIR：帮助验证运动医学新发现的四项方法。假阳性风险 (FPR) 是“观察到具有统计显着性的 p 值并宣布效果是真实的（当它不是真实的）的概率”。2 至关重要的是，即使相应的 p 值是，研究的 FPR 也可能很高低的。在对运动物理治疗的高质量随机对照试验 (RCT) 的系统审核中，18% 的“具有统计意义”的结果具有……