The generation of spatially localized, soliton-like hydrodynamic disturbances in microscale fluidic systems is an intriguing challenge. Herein, we introduce nonequilibrium solitons in nematic liquid crystals stimulated by an electric field. These dynamic solitons are robust as long as the electric field is maintained. Interestingly, their kinetic behaviours depend on the field condition—Tuning of the amplitude and frequency of the applied electric field alters the solitons to self-assemble into lattice ordering like physical particles or to command them to various dynamic states. Our key property to the realisation is the electrohydrodynamic instability due to the coupling between the fluid elasticity and the background convection. This paper describes a new mechanism for realising dynamic solitons in fluid systems on the basis of the electrohydrodynamic phenomena.

在微尺度流体系统中产生空间局部的类孤子流体动力扰动是一个有趣的挑战。在本文中，我们介绍了在电场激发下的向列液晶中的非平衡孤子。只要保持电场，这些动态孤子就会很健壮。有趣的是，它们的动力学行为取决于电场条件-所施加电场的幅度和频率的调整会改变孤子，使其像物理粒子一样自组装成晶格有序或命令它们进入各种动态状态。我们实现的关键特性是由于流体弹性和背景对流之间的耦合而引起的电流体动力学不稳定性。