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Rheologically controlled design of nature-inspired superhydrophobic and self-cleaning membranes for clean water production
npj Clean Water ( IF 11.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-25 , DOI: 10.1038/s41545-020-0078-2
Kang Jia Lu , Dieling Zhao , Yuanmiaoliang Chen , Jian Chang , Tai-Shung Chung

Conventional fabrication technologies of superhydrophobic and self-cleaning membranes for wastewater treatment often involve complex surface modifications, and massive usage of nanomaterials or organic solvents. In this work, we developed a pure rheological spray-assisted nonsolvent induced phase separation (SANIPS) approach to fabricate self-cleaning polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes with high porosity and hierarchical micro/nanostructures. The resultant membranes exhibit water contact angles and sliding angles in the range of 151.9–156.2° and 9.6–22.6°, respectively. We found that the spraying step caused local distortion of the membrane surface and induced a two-stage phase inversion, leading to the formation of multilevel polymeric crystal structures. Moreover, the morphological structures and other membrane properties (e.g., mechanical strength and liquid entry pressure) could be tuned by applying spraying materials with different physicochemical properties. The superior anti-wetting and self-cleaning properties of the resultant membranes have been demonstrated by treating hypersaline wastewater, comprising 10% sodium chloride and 2000 p.p.m. Rose Bengal dye via direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) tests. The SANIPS membrane showed a remarkably stable vapor flux of 36.0 kg m−2 h at a feed temperature of 60 °C, and a salt rejection over 99.9% throughout the long-term test of 100 h. We envision this facile and green fabrication method will pave the way for large-scale production of superhydrophobic and self-cleaning membranes for diverse water treatment processes.



中文翻译:

自然界启发的超疏水和自清洁膜的流变控制设计,用于生产净水

用于废水处理的超疏水和自清洁膜的常规制造技术通常涉及复杂的表面改性以及大量使用纳米材料或有机溶剂。在这项工作中,我们开发了一种纯流变喷雾辅助非溶剂诱导相分离(SANIPS)的方法,以制造具有高孔隙率和分级微观/纳米结构的自清洁聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)膜。所得膜的水接触角和滑动角分别在151.9–156.2°和9.6–22.6°范围内。我们发现喷涂步骤引起了膜表面的局部变形并引起了两阶段的相转化,从而导致了多级聚合物晶体结构的形成。此外,形态结构和其他膜特性(例如,机械强度和液体进入压力)可以通过使用具有不同理化特性的喷涂材料进行调整。通过直接接触膜蒸馏(DCMD)测试处理含10%氯化钠和2000 ppm玫瑰红染料的高盐度废水,已证明了所得膜具有优异的抗湿和自清洁性能。SANIPS膜的蒸汽通量非常稳定,为36.0 kg m 进料温度为60°C时为-2 h,在100 h的长期测试中,除盐率超过99.9%。我们设想,这种简便而绿色的制造方法将为大规模生产用于各种水处理工艺的超疏水和自清洁膜铺平道路。

更新日期:2020-06-26
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