ABSTRACT We tested the orientation capabilities during jumping in blackspotted rockskippers (Entomacrodus striatus). Amphibious fish routinely navigate between terrestrial and aquatic habitats and use either spatial mapping or visual cues to determine where to safely jump. We recorded jumping direction during three experiments: training, visual cue disruption, and spatial memory disruption. During the first round of training, the fish were able to jump to safety in a novel environment, regardless of starting orientation (p < 0.001). E. striatus were able to learn the terrain after repeated conditioning and continued to jump in the same direction after we moved rocks to the opposite side of the table (visual cue disruption), even if that meant jumping into a wall (p = 0.033). To test memory disruption, we injected the fish with NOS inhibitor L-NAME and found fish jumps became randomly distributed (p = 0.452). These results suggest blackspotted rockskippers entrain using visual cues and then rely on a mental map for subsequent jumps.

中文翻译：

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空间映射影响纹状昆虫的导航

摘要 我们测试了在黑斑岩鹬 (Entomacrodus striatus) 跳跃过程中的定向能力。两栖鱼类通常在陆地和水生栖息地之间导航，并使用空间映射或视觉线索来确定安全跳跃的位置。我们在三个实验中记录了跳跃方向：训练、视觉线索中断和空间记忆中断。在第一轮训练中，无论起始方向如何，鱼都能在新环境中跳到安全的地方（p < 0.001）。E. 纹状体能够在反复调节后学习地形，并在我们将岩石移到桌子的另一侧（视觉提示中断）后继续向同一方向跳跃（视觉提示中断），即使这意味着跳入墙壁（p = 0.033） . 为了测试内存中断，我们给鱼注射了 NOS 抑制剂 L-NAME，发现鱼的跳跃变得随机分布（p = 0.452）。这些结果表明，黑点摇滚船长使用视觉线索夹带，然后依靠心理地图进行后续跳跃。