Mining activity is essential for the social welfare of the population. However, this activity produces a series of mining waste. These mining wastes, if not properly treated, can produce significant environmental pollution. This study develops the incorporation of tailings from washing plants in ceramic materials for bricks in order to retain the contaminating elements in the ceramic matrix. To this end, firstly, a physical and chemical characterisation of the mining waste is carried out and different groups of samples are conformed with clay and mining waste. These conformed samples with mining waste are evaluated through different physical and mechanical tests typical in the ceramic industry, studying the variation of properties by the incorporation of the waste. In turn, the leachates from the groups of conformed samples are analyzed, confirming the retention of the contaminating elements of the mining waste in the ceramic matrix. The results of these tests showed that ceramics can be made for bricks with up to 90% mining waste, obtaining physical and mechanical properties acceptable regarding the regulations and retaining the contaminating elements in the ceramic matrix, as confirmed by the leachate tests.

中文翻译：

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保留用于砖瓦陶瓷的铅矿洗选厂尾矿中的污染物元素

采矿活动对于民众的社会福利至关重要。但是，这种活动会产生一系列采矿废物。这些采矿废物，如果处理不当，会造成严重的环境污染。这项研究开发了将洗涤厂的尾矿掺入砖的陶瓷材料中，以便将污染元素保留在陶瓷基体中。为此，首先，对采矿废料进行了物理和化学表征，并且将不同组的样品与粘土和采矿废料进行了匹配。这些与采矿废料相符的样品通过陶瓷行业中典型的不同物理和机械测试进行评估，研究废料掺入后特性的变化。反过来，分析合格样品组中的渗滤液，确认采矿废物的污染元素在陶瓷基质中的保留。这些测试的结果表明，用渗滤液测试证实，可以用砖制造陶瓷，其废料含量高达90％，获得了法规可接受的物理和机械性能，并将污染元素保留在陶瓷基质中。