Control of long‐established invasive species to aid threatened native species presents major logistic and economic challenges. Invasive common carp (Cyprinus carpio) recently accounted for over 90% of the fish biomass in Utah Lake (Utah, USA), driving many undesired changes to ecosystem structure. Carp control efforts have removed >12,000 tons of carp from the system over 10 yr. However, the impact of recent removal efforts on carp population structure and dynamics remains unclear. We develop an integrated age‐structured population model incorporating carp harvest data with independent standardized monitoring data to evaluate population‐level consequences of the removal effort and evaluate future removal scenarios. Specifically, we estimate the age structure, biomass, and population dynamics of carp in Utah Lake and simulate carp population responses to potential future management strategies. The model estimates carp population biomass has decreased to approximately 27.6% of pre‐removal biomass and 23.4% of the greatest estimated biomass. However, carp removal gear is highly selective of older, larger individuals, and current removal efforts have had little impact on young age‐classes. Evidence of recent strong juvenile cohorts of carp suggests a compensatory response to removal efforts that may increase total biomass as these age‐classes mature. Simulations of carp population response to potential alternative harvest approaches demonstrate that the current gear is unlikely to maintain carp biomass below target thresholds even at substantially increased levels of effort due to gear selectivity, compensatory recruitment, and periodic large recruitment events resulting from lake level increases. A hypothetical gear selecting for juvenile carp is predicted to have a meaningful chance of maintaining low carp biomass, particularly if effort is at least tripled over current levels. These simulations illustrate the value of analytically exploring multiple management approaches when conducting adaptive management. Even when historically used methods have been successful at approaching management objectives, their suitability may change as ecosystem state changes. Periodic re‐assessment of ecosystem state and willingness to explore potential alternative approaches is critical to the long‐term success of any management program as socio‐ecological systems and knowledge change.

中文翻译：

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补偿性征募，动态栖息地和选择性装备对大规模入侵物种控制提出了挑战

控制长期存在的入侵物种以援助受威胁的本地物种面临着重大的后勤和经济挑战。外来鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）最近占犹他湖（美国犹他州）鱼类生物量的90％以上，从而导致生态系统结构发生了许多意外变化。在过去的10年中，鲤鱼控制工作已从系统中移除了超过12,000吨的鲤鱼。但是，最近的清除工作对鲤鱼种群结构和动态的影响尚不清楚。我们开发了一个集成的年龄结构种群模型，该模型将鲤鱼收获数据与独立的标准化监测数据相结合，以评估清除工作在种群层面的后果并评估未来的清除方案。具体来说，我们估算了犹他州湖中鲤鱼的年龄结构，生物量和种群动态，并模拟了鲤鱼种群对未来潜在管理策略的反应。该模型估计鲤鱼种群生物量已减少至去除前生物量的约27.6％和23。最大估计生物量的4％。但是，鲤鱼的去除工具对年长，较大的个体具有高度的选择性，目前的去除工作对年轻年龄段的影响很小。近期鲤鱼少年群体的证据表明，对这些去除努力的补偿性反应可能会随着年龄的增长而增加总生物量。对鲤鱼种群对潜在的替代收获方式的反应的模拟表明，由于渔具的选择性，补偿性募集以及由于湖水位上升而导致的周期性大型募集事件，即使在大幅增加的努力水平下，目前的渔具也不大可能将鲤鱼生物量维持在目标阈值以下。假设为鲤鱼选择一种假想的装具有望维持低鲤鱼生物量，特别是如果努力至少是当前水平的三倍。这些模拟说明了在进行自适应管理时分析探索多种管理方法的价值。即使历史上使用过的方法已成功达到管理目标，但它们的适用性可能会随着生态系统状态的变化而改变。定期重新评估生态系统状态以及探索潜在替代方法的意愿对于任何管理计划随着社会生态系统和知识变化的长期成功至关重要。它们的适用性可能随着生态系统状态的变化而变化。定期重新评估生态系统状态以及探索潜在替代方法的意愿对于任何管理计划随着社会生态系统和知识变化的长期成功至关重要。它们的适用性可能随着生态系统状态的变化而变化。定期重新评估生态系统状态以及探索潜在替代方法的意愿对于任何管理计划随着社会生态系统和知识变化的长期成功至关重要。