Material functionalities strongly depend on the stoichiometry, crystal structure, and homogeneity. Here we demonstrate an approach of amorphous nonstoichiometric inhomogeneous oxides to realize tunable ferromagnetism and electrical transport at room temperature. In order to verify the origin of the ferromagnetism, we employed a series of structural, chemical, and electronic state characterizations. Combined with electron microscopy and transport measurements, synchrotron-based grazing incident wide angle X-ray scattering, soft X-ray absorption and circular dichroism clearly reveal that the room-temperature ferromagnetism originates from the In_0.23Co_0.77O_1−v amorphous phase with a large tunable range of oxygen vacancies. The room-temperature ferromagnetism is tunable from a high saturation magnetization of 500 emu cm⁻³ to below 25 emu cm⁻³, with the evolving electrical resistivity from 5 × 10³ μΩ cm to above 2.5 × 10⁵ μΩ cm. Inhomogeneous nano-crystallization emerges with decreasing oxygen vacancies, driving the system towards non-ferromagnetism and insulating regime. Our work unfolds the novel functionalities of amorphous nonstoichiometric inhomogeneous oxides, which opens up new opportunities for developing spintronic materials with superior magnetic and transport properties.

材料功能在很大程度上取决于化学计量、晶体结构和均匀性。在这里，我们展示了一种非晶非化学计量非均匀氧化物的方法，以在室温下实现可调铁磁性和电传输。为了验证铁磁性的起源，我们采用了一系列结构、化学和电子状态表征。结合电子显微镜和传输测量，基于同步加速器的掠入射广角 X 射线散射、软 X 射线吸收和圆二色性清楚地表明室温铁磁性源自 In _0.23 Co _0.77 O _{1− v}具有大范围可调氧空位的非晶相。室温铁磁性可调谐，从 500 emu cm ^-3的高饱和磁化强度到低于 25 emu cm ^-3，电阻率从 5 × 10 ³ μΩ cm 到 2.5 × 10 ⁵ μΩ cm 以上。随着氧空位的减少，出现不均匀的纳米结晶，推动系统向非铁磁性和绝缘状态发展。我们的工作展现了无定形非化学计量非均匀氧化物的新功能，这为开发具有优异磁性和传输特性的自旋电子材料开辟了新的机会。