Li metal anode is one of the most promising anodes for next-generation high-energy-density batteries. However, some lethal challenges, such as Li dendrite, inferior coulombic efficiency, and infinite volume change during repeated Li plating/stripping restrict its practical application. Although carbon-based materials are ideal hosts for Li deposition, unsatisfied lithiophilic property and vulnerable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film still remain unsolved. Herein, we report the fluorinated mesoporous carbon (FMC) nanosheets derived from spent cathodic carbon of aluminum electrolysis as a versatile dendrite-free current collector. Two types of C–F bonds are discovered in FMC. One is C(sp²)-F, which serves as lithiophilic site for Li nucleation with reduced barrier. The other is C(sp³)-F, which breaks to produce extra LiF during Li deposition, facilitating the formation of stable LiF-rich SEI film. The synergistically designed Li@FMC|LiFePO₄ full cells demonstrate improved cycling performance with high coulombic efficiency. This work provides possibility for direct utilization of waste electro-carbon in energy storage application.

锂金属阳极是下一代高能量密度电池最有希望的阳极之一。然而，一些致命的挑战，例如锂枝晶，劣质的库仑效率以及在重复的锂电镀/剥离过程中无限的体积变化限制了其实际应用。尽管碳基材料是Li沉积的理想宿主，但不满意的Lithiophilic性能和易碎的固体电解质中间相（SEI）膜仍未解决。在本文中，我们报道了由铝电解废阴极碳衍生而来的氟化中孔碳（FMC）纳米片，它是一种通用的无枝晶集电器。在FMC中发现了两种类型的CF键。一个是C（sp ²）-F，它作为Li成核的亲硫性位点，势垒降低。另一个是C（sp ³）-F，其在Li沉积过程中破裂而产生额外的LiF，有利于形成稳定的富含LiF的SEI膜。协同设计的Li @ FMC | LiFePO ₄全电池展示了改善的循环性能和高库仑效率。这项工作为在储能应用中直接利用废电子碳提供了可能性。