The increasing amount of worldwide carbon emissions has caused global warming, instigating governments to implement carbon policies such as the carbon cap-and-trade policy to achieve sustainable environmental development. This study aims to determine an optimal policy for the integrated system, which minimizes the total integrated cost while keeping ecological issues in mind. It discusses the carbon emissions (direct and indirect) generated by both parties (vendor and buyer) that involve freight forwarding activities. Loading and unloading activities involved in the process of both parties are considered. Lead-time is considered as a function of the production time, loading and unloading time, transportation time, and in-transit time. Logistics costs are a function of the weight of a product, distance traveled, fuel price, and fuel consumption. A proper solution algorithm was developed to find the optimal decision variables (order quantity, number of shipments, safety factor, lead-time, and total emission quantity), which minimize the total cost. A numerical example and sensitivity analysis are performed to reveal the efficiency of the proposed model by using Matlab12a. The findings of the study revealed that the parameters impact the decision variables significantly. In addition, managerial insights have also been drawn for decision-makers.

全球碳排放量的增加导致全球变暖，促使政府实施碳政策，例如碳总量限制和贸易政策，以实现可持续的环境发展。本研究旨在确定集成系统的最佳策略，该策略可在考虑生态问题的同时最大程度地降低总集成成本。它讨论了涉及货运代理活动的双方（卖方和买方）产生的碳排放量（直接和间接）。考虑了双方过程中涉及的装卸活动。前置时间被认为是生产时间，装卸时间，运输时间和运输时间的函数。物流成本是产品重量，行进距离，燃料价格和燃料消耗的函数。开发了一种适当的解决方案算法，以找到最佳决策变量（订单数量，发货数量，安全系数，提前期和总排放量），从而将总成本降至最低。通过使用Matlab12a进行了数值示例和灵敏度分析，以揭示所提出模型的效率。研究结果表明，这些参数对决策变量有显着影响。此外，还为决策者提供了管理方面的见解。研究结果表明，这些参数对决策变量有显着影响。此外，还为决策者提供了管理方面的见解。研究结果表明，这些参数对决策变量有显着影响。此外，还为决策者提供了管理方面的见解。