Abstract The current research aims to numerically investigate the effect of a three-dimensional magnetic field generated by four electromagnets on the convective heat transfer of F e 3 O 4 /Water ferrofluid in a parallel plate channel. Simulations have been carried out for different ferrofluid flow rates and concentrations, magnetic field intensities, and the electromagnets locations. The obtained numerical results have been compared with the experimental data of our previous work and accuracy of the numerical method has been determined at different conditions. Results show that the external magnetic field induces a quasi-oscillatory fluid motion between the surfaces of the channel that disturbs the thermal boundary layer and increases the heat transfer rate. A maximum of 24% heat transfer enhancement has been obtained at the optimum conditions. It is also concluded that the magnetic field has both increasing and decreasing effect on the fluid local pressure according to the sign of the magnetic field gradient. However, the overall pressure drop does not vary too much with the magnetic field intensity. Moreover, the accuracy analysis implies that the numerical method is more reliable in low magnetic field strengths and low Reynolds numbers.

中文翻译：

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电磁铁在磁流体强化对流换热中的应用

摘要 当前的研究旨在数值研究由四个电磁体产生的三维磁场对平行板通道中F e 3 O 4 /水铁磁流体对流传热的影响。已经针对不同的铁磁流体流速和浓度、磁场强度和电磁体位置进行了模拟。获得的数值结果与我们以前工作的实验数据进行了比较，并在不同条件下确定了数值方法的准确性。结果表明，外部磁场在通道表面之间引起准振荡流体运动，扰乱了热边界层并增加了传热速率。在最佳条件下获得了最多 24% 的传热增强。还得出结论，根据磁场梯度的符号，磁场对流体局部压力有增加和减小的作用。然而，整体压降不会随磁场强度变化太大。此外，精度分析表明该数值方法在低磁场强度和低雷诺数下更可靠。