Abstract The potential toxicity of heavy metals arising from the discharge of industrial wastewater has become a serious public concern. Fabrication of a thin film composite (TFC) NF membrane with desirable rejection of heavy metal ions is an attracting route to solve this problem. Hereon, we proposed a facile strategy for fabricating a TFC NF membrane with excellent heavy metal removal. The ratio of PIP and TMC was greatly enlarged by decreasing the concentration of TMC to an exceptional low extent. Thus a polyamide film with weak electronegativity and small pore size was successfully constructed on an ultrafiltration substrate membrane. Comprehensive characterizations were adopted to reveal the micro-variation of the resulted NF membranes when regulating TMC concentration. The optimized membrane prepared only with PIP and TMC can exhibit a high pure water permeability of 14.6 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, desirable rejection of over 98% against Ni2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and >92.7% against Cd2+. This performance could go beyond most of the reported candidates which were prepared with other complicated methods. The simplicity, low cost and scaling up feasibility of the current strategy is expected to well meet the requirements of industrial production of TFC NF membrane for heavy metal removal.

中文翻译：

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如何通过 PIP 和 TMC 之间的界面聚合制备带负电荷的 NF 膜以去除重金属？

摘要 工业废水排放对重金属的潜在毒性已成为一个严重的公众关注的问题。制造具有理想的重金属离子截留率的薄膜复合材料 (TFC) NF 膜是解决这一问题的一个有吸引力的途径。在此，我们提出了一种简单的策略来制造具有优异重金属去除能力的 TFC NF 膜。通过将 TMC 的浓度降低到极低的程度，PIP 和 TMC 的比率大大增加。因此，在超滤基材膜上成功构建了电负性弱、孔径小的聚酰胺薄膜。当调节 TMC 浓度时，采用综合表征来揭示所得 NF 膜的微变化。仅用 PIP 和 TMC 制备的优化膜可表现出 14.6 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 的高纯水渗透率，对 Ni2+、Zn2+、Cu2+ 的理想截留率超过 98%，对 Cd2+ 的截留率>92.7%。这种性能可能超出大多数报告的用其他复杂方法制备的候选物。当前策略的简单性、低成本和规模化的可行性有望很好地满足工业化生产用于去除重金属的 TFC NF 膜的要求。