The resistance of microorganisms to heavy metals in polluted environments is mediated by genetically determined mechanisms. One such mechanism includes the intracellular sequestration of heavy metals in polyphosphate (polyP) inclusions. In Cr(III) contaminated mediums, Ochrobactrum anthropi DE2010 is able to bind and sequester Cr(III) in polyP inclusions. In order to further study the relationship between Cr(III) tolerance and polyP production in O. anthropi DE2010, we carried out whole genomic sequencing, analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), polyP chemical quantification, and determination of the relative abundance and morphometry of polyP inclusions. In the O. anthropi DE2010 genome, six polyP and pyrophosphate (PPi) metabolic genes were found. Furthermore, genomic analysis via SNPs calling revealed that O. anthropi ATCC49188 and DE2010 strains had average variations of 1.51% in their whole genome sequences and 1.35% variation associated with the principal polyP metabolic gene cluster. In addition, the accumulation of polyP in the DE2010 strain and number of polyP inclusions found were directly correlated with the concentration of Cr(III) in contaminated cultures. The results presented in this study may enhance the understanding of polyP production in response to Cr(III) toxicity in the O. anthropi DE2010 strain. This knowledge may facilitate the successful removal of Cr(III) from the natural environment.

中文翻译：

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人类 Ochrobactrum anthropi DE2010 中铬 (III) 诱导应激相关多磷酸盐产生的基因组和生物技术见解

微生物在污染环境中对重金属的抵抗力是由基因决定的机制介导的。一种这样的机制包括在多磷酸盐 (polyP) 夹杂物中重金属的细胞内螯合。在受 Cr(III) 污染的介质中，Ochrobactrum anthropi DE2010 能够结合和隔离 polyP 夹杂物中的 Cr(III)。为了进一步研究 O. anthropi DE2010 中 Cr(III) 耐受性与 polyP 产生之间的关系，我们进行了全基因组测序、单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 分析、polyP 化学定量以及相对丰度和形态计量学的测定polyP 夹杂物。在 O. anthropi DE2010 基因组中，发现了六个 polyP 和焦磷酸盐 (PPi) 代谢基因。此外，通过 SNP 调用的基因组分析显示 O. 人类 ATCC49188 和 DE2010 菌株的全基因组序列平均变异为 1.51%，与主要 polyP 代谢基因簇相关的变异为 1.35%。此外，DE2010 菌株中 polyP 的积累和发现的 polyP 内含物的数量与污染培养物中 Cr(III) 的浓度直接相关。本研究中提出的结果可能会增强对响应 O. anthropi DE2010 菌株中 Cr(III) 毒性的 polyP 生产的理解。这些知识可能有助于从自然环境中成功去除 Cr(III)。DE2010 菌株中 polyP 的积累和发现的 polyP 内含物的数量与受污染培养物中 Cr(III) 的浓度直接相关。本研究中提出的结果可能会增强对响应 O. anthropi DE2010 菌株中 Cr(III) 毒性的 polyP 生产的理解。这些知识可能有助于从自然环境中成功去除 Cr(III)。DE2010 菌株中 polyP 的积累和发现的 polyP 内含物的数量与受污染培养物中 Cr(III) 的浓度直接相关。本研究中提出的结果可能会增强对响应 O. anthropi DE2010 菌株中 Cr(III) 毒性的 polyP 生产的理解。这些知识可能有助于从自然环境中成功去除 Cr(III)。