Uranus and Neptune are the least-explored planets in our Solar System. This paper summarizes mysteries about these incredibly intriguing planets and their environments spurred by our limited observations from Voyager 2 and Earth-based systems. Several of these observations are either inconsistent with our current understanding built from exploring other planetary systems, or indicate such unique characteristics of these Ice Giants that they leave us with more questions than answers. This paper specifically focuses on the value of all aspects of magnetospheric measurements, from the radiation belt structure to plasma dynamics to coupling to the solar wind, through a future mission to either of these planets. Such measurements have large interdisciplinary value, as demonstrated by the large number of mysteries discussed in this paper that cover other non-magnetospheric disciplines, including planetary interiors, atmospheres, rings, and moons.

中文翻译：

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磁层研究：解决冰巨行星系统中的跨学科谜团的必要条件

天王星和海王星是我们太阳系中探索最少的行星。本文总结了这些令人难以置信的有趣行星及其环境的奥秘，这些谜团是由我们对航海者 2 号和地球系统的有限观测所激发的。其中一些观察结果要么与我们目前通过探索其他行星系统而建立的理解不一致，要么表明这些冰巨人的独特特征给我们留下了更多的问题而不是答案。本文特别关注磁层测量的各个方面的价值，从辐射带结构到等离子体动力学，再到与太阳风的耦合，以及未来对这些行星中的任何一个的任务。这种测量具有很大的跨学科价值，