Diversity assessment of 94 groundnut accessions from Togo and Senegal, using agro-morphological and SNP markers, revealed high variability for many quantitative traits such as late leaf spot (LLS) incidence, number of pods per plant and yield per plant. For qualitative traits, the Simpson Index showed high diversity for primary seed colour (0.75), stem pigmentation (0.60), and Growth habit (0.59). Principal component analysis underscored quantitative traits such as hundred seed weight, days to maturity, and LLS incidence, as the main traits contributing to the divergence. Correlation and path coefficient analysis showed that the number of pods per plant was the main yield-related trait positively affecting yield (r = 0.95, PC = 0.84; p = 0.01). Overall, 990 SNP markers revealed moderate genetic variability in the genotypes and the percentage of heterozygous genotypes varied from 0 to 50% for all loci. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that only 1.1% of the total molecular variance accounted for geographical contribution to the diversity. Co-analysis of phenotypic and SNP data delineated three clusters harbouring useful alleles and interesting phenotypic features such as LLS resistance, large number of pods per plant and early maturity indicating that differences observed at the phenotypic level are underlined by genotypic differences. The phenotypic and genotypic diversity observed could be exploited for the identification of parents with preferred traits for use in the breeding program. However, the low population structure highlights the necessity to improve groundnut diversity in Togo through introduction from various sources.

中文翻译：

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多哥花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）品种的分子和表型多样性。

使用农业形态学和SNP标记对来自多哥和塞内加尔的94种花生品种的多样性评估显示，许多定量性状（例如晚叶斑病（LLS）发生率，单株荚数和单株产量）具有高度变异性。对于定性性状，辛普森指数显示出较高的多样性，主要种子颜色（0.75），茎色素沉着（0.60）和生长习性（0.59）。主成分分析强调了数量性状，例如百粒重，成熟天数和LLS发生率，这是造成差异的主要特征。相关性和路径系数分析表明，每株豆荚的数量是主要的产量相关性状，对产量有正面影响（r = 0.95，PC = 0.84； p = 0.01）。总体，990个SNP标记揭示了基因型的中等遗传变异性，所有基因座的杂合基因型百分比从0％到50％不等。分子方差分析表明，只有1.1％的总分子方差是地理因素对多样性的贡献。表型和SNP数据的共同分析描绘了三个簇，这些簇包含有用的等位基因和有趣的表型特征，例如LLS抗性，单株大量豆荚和早熟，表明在表型水平上观察到的差异被基因型差异所强调。可以利用观察到的表型和基因型多样性来鉴定具有优选性状的父母，以用于育种程序。然而，