Purpose

It paradoxically seems counter-intuitive to consider treatments that activate the immune systems as a method to treat autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammations when these inflammatory conditions are themselves manifested by dysregulated activations of the immune responses. However, according to Newton’s Third-Law of fundamental physics which formally states “For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction”, it can be reasonably argued that “For every activated pro-inflammatory response, there is an opposite and intrinsic anti-inflammatory response to follow.” Therefore, harnessing these intrinsic self-regulated negative-feedbacks of anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic responses by activating the immune systems represents a novel therapeutic paradigm.

Methods

This review endeavoured to examine and discuss the current clinical and experimental evidences and therapeutic potentials of activating the innate and adaptive immune systems via their classical cell receptors, namely Toll-like receptors (TLRs), T-cell receptors (TCRs), and B cell receptors (BCRs), to modulate and suppress pathogenic inflammations.

Results

The evidence presented in this review illustrated the therapeutic potentials and the caveats of recent approaches and advances in harnessing this unorthodox therapeutic paradigm in the treatments of autoimmune diseases, allergic and chronic inflammations. It highlighted the promising potentials of targeting BCR-activated tolergenic responses as a new approach in this new therapeutic paradigm.

中文翻译：

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利用牛顿第三定律范式治疗自身免疫性疾病和慢性炎症。

目的

当这些炎症状况本身表现为免疫反应的激活失调时，将激活免疫系统的治疗视为治疗自身免疫性疾病和慢性炎症的方法似乎违反直觉。然而，根据牛顿基础物理学第三定律“对于每一个动作，都有一个相等和相反的反应”，可以合理地认为，“对于每一个激活的促炎反应，都有一个相反的内在抗-随后的炎症反应。” 因此，通过激活免疫系统来利用这些内在的自我调节的抗炎和耐受性反应的负反馈代表了一种新的治疗范式。

方法

本综述试图检查和讨论通过其经典细胞受体，即 Toll 样受体 (TLRs)、T 细胞受体 (TCRs) 和 B 细胞激活先天性和适应性免疫系统的当前临床和实验证据和治疗潜力受体（BCR），以调节和抑制致病性炎症。

结果

本综述中提供的证据说明了利用这种非正统治疗范式治疗自身免疫性疾病、过敏性和慢性炎症的近期方法和进展的治疗潜力和注意事项。它强调了靶向 BCR 激活的耐受性反应作为这种新治疗范式中的新方法的巨大潜力。