Purpose

Because of its ability to superimpose imaging data on a patient, while anchoring the user’s view to the immediate surroundings, augmented reality (AR) has the potential to dramatically improve the accuracy and reduce the time required for preoperative planning and performance of minimally invasive spine surgeries and procedures. Described and reported herein is the direct clinical application of AR navigation on a series of common percutaneous image-guided spine procedures.

Materials and methods

AR, including a “virtual needle” (VN) asset, was used to guide and navigate a total of 18 procedures performed on 10 patients. Comparative control data were generated using a phantom model (n = 32). These data are used to determine the accuracy of AR for federal drug administration submissions. Optical codes were implemented to allow automatic and real-time registration. A manual process was used when the use of optical codes was not available. Target error, distance to the target and target size were measured for both phantom and clinical groups. Mean errors between the two groups were compared.

Results

Target error between the control and clinical data sets showed no significant difference. Moreover, the distance to the target site and the target size had no effect on target acquisition.

Conclusions

This data set suggests that AR navigation, utilizing a VN, is an emerging, accurate, valuable additive method for surgical and procedural planning for percutaneous image-guided spinal procedures and has potential to be applied to a broad range of clinical and surgical applications.

中文翻译：

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将增强现实用于图像引导的脊柱手术。

目的

由于能够将影像数据叠加在患者身上，同时将用户的视野固定在周围环境中，增强现实 (AR) 有可能显着提高准确性并减少微创脊柱手术的术前计划和执行所需的时间和程序。本文描述和报告的是 AR 导航在一系列常见经皮图像引导脊柱手术中的直接临床应用。

材料和方法

AR，包括“虚拟针”（VN）资产，用于指导和导航对 10 名患者进行的总共 18 项手术。使用幻像模型 ( n  = 32)生成比较控制数据。这些数据用于确定联邦药品管理局提交的 AR 的准确性。实施了光学代码以允许自动和实时注册。当无法使用光学代码时，使用手动过程。测量了体模和临床组的目标误差、到目标的距离和目标大小。比较两组之间的平均误差。

结果

对照和临床数据集之间的目标误差没有显示出显着差异。此外，到目标地点的距离和目标大小对目标获取没有影响。

结论

该数据集表明，利用 VN 的 AR 导航是一种新兴的、准确的、有价值的附加方法，用于经皮图像引导脊柱手术的手术和程序规划，并有可能应用于广泛的临床和手术应用。