The current paper aimed at evaluating and optimizing the efficiency of energy use and mitigation of environmental pollution by minimizing the emissions and intensity of greenhouse gases (GHG) for farm production systems in Mashhad, Iran. The results indicated that the total values of consumed energy were equal to 28,648, 38,479, and 43,490 MJha⁻¹ for barley, canola, and forage corn, respectively. The highest rate of the consumed energy for all crops belonged to irrigation electricity, diesel fuel, and nitrogen consumption. The highest and lowest energy efficiencies were respectively achieved from forage corn and canola, while barley production led to the lowest GHG emissions. The estimation of GHG intensity demonstrated that canola with 53% took up the highest intensity, which was followed by barley (30%) and forage corn (17%). Since the intensity of GHG takes into account the amount of energy produced by each crop per hectare, this index is more suitable than GHG emissions for assessing environmental pollution. The results of optimal responses of the multiple goal programming (MGP) model revealed that the optimum evaluated cultivation areas (for meeting the goals of the study) for barley and forage corn were 10,088 and 3256 ha, respectively, while the MGP model generally eliminates canola from the cultivation plan. On the other hand, the plan proposed by the MGP model increases the total energy efficiency from 103,625 for the current systems to 105,169 for the optimized systems per year. Furthermore, the emissions and intensity of GHG were reduced by the model to 311,786 kgCO₂eq and 10 kgCO₂eq MJoutput⁻¹ per year, respectively.

目前的论文旨在通过最大限度地减少伊朗马什哈德农场生产系统的温室气体 (GHG) 排放和强度来评估和优化能源使用效率和减轻环境污染。结果表明，消耗的能量总值分别为 28,648、38,479 和 43,490 MJha ^-1分别用于大麦、油菜籽和饲料玉米。所有作物消耗能量最高的是灌溉电力、柴油和氮消耗。饲料玉米和油菜籽分别实现了最高和最低的能源效率，而大麦生产的温室气体排放量最低。温室气体排放强度估计表明，油菜籽的排放强度最高，为 53%，其次是大麦（30%）和饲料玉米（17%）。由于温室气体强度考虑了每公顷农作物产生的能量，因此该指标比温室气体排放更适合评估环境污染。多目标规划 (MGP) 模型的最佳响应结果表明，大麦和饲料玉米的最佳评估种植面积（为满足研究目标）分别为 10,088 公顷和 3256 公顷，而 MGP 模型通常消除了油菜籽从培养计划来看。另一方面，MGP 模型提出的计划将总能效从当前系统的每年 103,625 提高到优化系统的每年 105,169。此外，该模型将温室气体的排放和强度降低至 311,786 kgCO 169 用于优化系统每年。此外，该模型将温室气体的排放和强度降低至 311,786 kgCO 169 用于优化系统每年。此外，该模型将温室气体的排放和强度降低至 311,786 kgCO每年分别为₂ eq 和 10 kgCO ₂ eq MJoutput ^-1。