Relatively low cost, environmental friendly, and high-efficiency silicon dioxide/carbon sphere composite demulsifiers (SiO₂@CS) were prepared via an in situ hydrothermal–calcination route. They were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The demulsifiers with different ratios of SiO₂ and CS were systematically investigated. The effect of the temperature, standing time, and dosage of SiO₂@CS on the demulsification performance was determined by the bottle test. The efficiency reached the highest value of 89.52% when the dosage, temperature, and standing time were 300 mg/L, 70 °C, and 150 min, respectively. Also, the pH value and salinity were inspected. It was encouraging to find that the demulsifier had good acid, alkali, and salt tolerance. Investigations of the wettability, dynamic interfacial tension, and self-assembly of the interfacial film and microexaminations were carried out to probe the possible mechanism. SiO₂@CS exhibited good adsorption, flocculation, and coalescence abilities in the demulsification process. The current work is beneficial for the further understanding of the demulsification process and also provides a promising demulsifier to deal with the water-in-crude oil emulsion.

中文翻译：

---

环保型SiO ₂ @CS复合材料驱动的含水原油的破乳

通过现场水热煅烧工艺制备了相对低成本，环保和高效的二氧化硅/碳球复合破乳剂（SiO ₂ @CS）。它们的特征在于傅立叶变换红外光谱，场发射扫描电子显微镜，能量色散X射线光谱和X射线衍射。系统研究了不同比例的SiO ₂和CS的破乳剂。温度，停留时间和SiO ₂用量的影响通过瓶试验确定@CS的破乳性能。当剂量，温度和静置时间分别为300 mg / L，70°C和150 min时，效率达到最高值89.52％。另外，检查pH值和盐度。令人鼓舞的是，发现破乳剂具有良好的耐酸，耐碱和耐盐性能。对润湿性，动态界面张力以及界面膜和微检查的自组装进行了研究，以探讨可能的机理。二氧化硅₂@CS在反乳化过程中表现出良好的吸附，絮凝和聚结能力。当前的工作有益于进一步理解破乳过程，并且为处理原油包水型乳化液提供了有希望的破乳剂。