Multisource Vacuum Deposition of Methylammonium-Free Perovskite Solar Cells.,ACS Energy Letters

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Multisource Vacuum Deposition of Methylammonium-Free Perovskite Solar Cells.
ACS Energy Letters ( IF 19.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-25 , DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00839
Yu-Hsien Chiang ₁ , Miguel Anaya ₁ , Samuel D Stranks _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Halide perovskites of the form ABX₃ have shown outstanding properties for solar cells. The highest reported compositions consist of mixtures of A-site cations methylammonium (MA), formamidinium (FA) and cesium, and X-site iodide and bromide ions, and are produced by solution processing. However, it is unclear whether solution processing will yield sufficient spatial performance uniformity for large-scale photovoltaic modules or compatibility with deposition of multilayered tandem solar cell stacks. In addition, the volatile MA cation presents long-term stability issues. Here, we report the multisource vacuum deposition of FA_0.7Cs_0.3Pb(I_0.9Br_0.1)₃ perovskite thin films with high-quality morphological, structural, and optoelectronic properties. We find that the controlled addition of excess PbI₂ during the deposition is critical for achieving high performance and stability of the absorber material, and we fabricate p-i-n solar cells with stabilized power output of 18.2%. We also reveal the sensitivity of the deposition process to a range of parameters, including substrate, annealing temperature, evaporation rates, and source purity, providing a guide for further evaporation efforts. Our results demonstrate the enormous promise for MA-free perovskite solar cells employing industry-scalable multisource evaporation processes.

中文翻译：

无甲基铵钙钛矿太阳能电池的多源真空沉积。

ABX ₃形式的卤化物钙钛矿在太阳能电池中表现出出色的性能。报道最多的成分由 A 位阳离子甲基铵 (MA)、甲脒 (FA) 和铯以及 X 位碘离子和溴离子的混合物组成，并通过溶液加工产生。然而，尚不清楚溶液处理是否能为大型光伏模块带来足够的空间性能均匀性或与多层串联太阳能电池堆沉积的兼容性。此外，挥发性的 MA 阳离子存在长期稳定性问题。在这里，我们报道了具有高质量形态、结构和光电特性的FA _0.7 Cs _0.3 Pb(I _0.9 Br _0.1 ) ₃钙钛矿薄膜的多源真空沉积。我们发现在沉积过程中控制过量PbI ₂的添加对于实现吸收材料的高性能和稳定性至关重要，并且我们制造了稳定功率输出为18.2%的pin太阳能电池。我们还揭示了沉积过程对一系列参数的敏感性，包括基材、退火温度、蒸发速率和源纯度，为进一步的蒸发工作提供指导。我们的结果证明了采用工业可扩展多源蒸发工艺的无 MA 钙钛矿太阳能电池的巨大前景。

更新日期：2020-08-14

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