Abstract Serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins are widely found in higher eukaryotes, including metazoans and plants. They form a major family of essential splicing factors that function in both constitutive splicing (CS) and alternative splicing (AS). Some SR proteins can also shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm and have roles beyond splicing. The activities of SR proteins are required for many living organisms to maintain normal growth and development. Although SR genes have been identified in numerous plants, they are less studied than those found in animals. The results of existing research suggest that plant SR proteins share many similar properties with their animal counterparts. However, plants generally have a higher number of SR proteins that display largely redundant functions under normal conditions but participate in specific stress responses. Moreover, many animal and plant SR genes are alternatively spliced and can be regulated by themselves or other SR proteins. These AS events, often coupled to nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), enable a mechanism for protein amount control under different conditions but sometimes also lead to translated protein isoforms with different functions. Here, we summarize the key findings of SR proteins in animals and plants and compare the essential characteristics of SR studies in these two research areas.

中文翻译：

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植物丝氨酸/富含精氨酸 (SR) 蛋白质的新兴功能：来自动物的教训

摘要富含丝氨酸/精氨酸 (SR) 的蛋白质广泛存在于高等真核生物中，包括后生动物和植物。它们形成了一个主要的基本剪接因子家族，在本构剪接 (CS) 和替代剪接 (AS) 中发挥作用。一些 SR 蛋白还可以在细胞核和细胞质之间穿梭，并且具有剪接以外的作用。SR 蛋白的活性是许多生物体维持正常生长和发育所必需的。尽管已在许多植物中鉴定出 SR 基因，但对它们的研究比在动物中发现的要少。现有研究的结果表明，植物 SR 蛋白与其动物对应物具有许多相似的特性。然而，植物通常具有更多数量的 SR 蛋白，这些蛋白在正常条件下显示出大量冗余功能，但参与特定的胁迫反应。而且，许多动植物SR基因是交替剪接的，可以被自身或其他SR蛋白调控。这些 AS 事件通常与无义介导的衰变 (NMD) 相结合，在不同条件下实现蛋白质数量控制的机制，但有时也会导致翻译的具有不同功能的蛋白质同种型。在这里，我们总结了动植物中 SR 蛋白的主要发现，并比较了这两个研究领域中 SR 研究的基本特征。通常与无义介导的衰变 (NMD) 结合，在不同条件下实现蛋白质数量控制的机制，但有时也会导致翻译的具有不同功能的蛋白质同种型。在这里，我们总结了动植物中 SR 蛋白的主要发现，并比较了这两个研究领域中 SR 研究的基本特征。通常与无义介导的衰变 (NMD) 结合，在不同条件下实现蛋白质数量控制的机制，但有时也会导致翻译的具有不同功能的蛋白质同种型。在这里，我们总结了动植物中 SR 蛋白的主要发现，并比较了这两个研究领域中 SR 研究的基本特征。