Postweaning is one of the most sensitive and energy-demanding phases of swine production. The objective of this research was to assess the energy, production and environmental characteristics of a conventional farm with temperature-based environmental control. The selected energy, environmental and production variables were measured on farm, in a high livestock density area of NW Spain, for seven production cycles. The quantification of variables was aimed at obtaining the maximum performance with the lowest possible use of resources, focusing on animal welfare and production efficiency. The Brown–Forsythe, Welch and Games-Howell tests revealed significant differences in terms of temperature, relative humidity and CO₂ concentrations among production cycles, and among the critical, postcritical and final periods. Improved humidity management resulted in a 17% reduction of climate control energy, which involved energy savings in the range of 33% to 47% per kg produced at the end of the postweaning cycle. Accordingly, adding humidity as a control variable could result in higher ventilation rates, thereby improving animal welfare, reducing heating energy use and increasing weight gain per unit climate control energy. In addition, the strong correlations found between heating energy and relative humidity (R² = 0.73) and ventilation energy and CO₂ (R² = 0.99) suggest that these variables could be readily estimated without additional sensor costs.

中文翻译：

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西班牙西北部常规断奶仔猪场的能源，生产和环境特征

断奶是养猪最敏感，最耗能的阶段之一。这项研究的目的是评估具有基于温度的环境控制的常规农场的能源，生产和环境特征。选定的能源，环境和生产变量在西班牙西北部牲畜密度高的地区的农场中进行了七个生产周期的测量。变量的量化旨在以最低的资源利用率获得最佳性能，重点放在动物福利和生产效率上。Brown-Forsythe，Welch和Games-Howell测试表明，温度，相对湿度和CO ₂方面存在显着差异生产周期之间以及关键，关键和最后阶段之间的浓度。改进的湿度管理使气候控制能源减少了17％，其中包括在断奶后循环结束时每公斤产品可节省33％至47％的能源。因此，增加湿度作为控制变量可导致更高的通风率，从而改善动物福利，减少加热能源的使用并增加单位气候控制能量的体重增加。另外，在加热能量和相对湿度（R ² = 0.73）与通风能量和CO ₂（R ² = 0.99）之间发现了很强的相关性，这表明可以很容易地估算这些变量，而无需增加传感器成本。