Ground cover management in vineyards in Spain is focused on minimizing soil erosion and compaction. Such practices have influenced the weed community structure in the inter-rows, contributing to the spread of the high noxious weed Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. This fact highlights the need for further investigation of the interaction between ground cover practices and weed control techniques. In this study, the effect of four different ground cover managements (M) in the inter-rows on C. dactylon population dynamics (changes in coverage and frequency) was assessed over three seasons (2015–2017): (M1) a no-till spontaneous vegetation ground cover managed by shredding; (M2) a no-till spontaneous vegetation ground cover managed by shredding plus herbicide application, (M3) tilled soil and spontaneous vegetation growing; and (M4) tilled soil and a barley cover crop seeded (Hordeum vulgare L.). Cynodon dactylon and the other weeds responded differently to the various weed control methods. After three seasons, the barley cover crop was the most efficient management system to control C. dactylon and other weeds. Final soil cover in barley cover crop and tilled soil with spontaneous vegetation were 0.5% and 1.1%, respectively, compared to 3.7% and 7.7% obtained by spontaneous vegetation shredded with and without herbicide application, respectively. In addition, total weed frequency varied from 9.7% for barley cover crop to 45.8% for spontaneous vegetation only shredded. Weed community composition changed due to the pressure exerted by each management and the adaptive strategy of the different species. This study highlights the importance of knowledge of how vegetation management influences weed flora to improve the sustainability of wine grape production systems.

中文翻译：

---

不同的地面植被覆盖管理系统来管理灌溉葡萄园中的犬齿龙

西班牙葡萄园的地被植物管理着重于最大程度地减少水土流失和压实。这样的做法影响了行间杂草的群落结构，导致高毒杂草犬齿龙（P. Cynodon dactylon（L.）Pers）的传播。这一事实表明，有必要进一步调查地被植物实践与杂草控制技术之间的相互作用。在这项研究中，行间的四个不同地面覆盖管理（M）对羊齿线虫的影响在三个季节（2015-2017年）中评估了种群动态（覆盖率和频率的变化）：（M1）通过切碎处理的免耕自发植被地面覆盖；（M2）免耕的自发植被地被，通过切碎加除草剂进行管理；（M3）耕作的土壤和自发的植被生长；（M4）耕种的土壤和播种的大麦覆盖农作物（Hordeum vulgare L.）。狗牙根和其他杂草对各种杂草控制方法的反应不同。在三个季节之后，大麦覆盖作物是控制假丝酵母的最有效管理系统和其他杂草。大麦覆盖作物和带自发植被的耕作土壤的最终土壤覆盖率分别为0.5％和1.1％，而采用和不使用除草剂切碎的自发植被的最终土壤覆盖率分别为3.7％和7.7％。此外，总杂草发生率从大麦覆盖作物的9.7％到仅切碎的自发植被的45.8％不等。杂草群落组成因每个管理施加的压力和不同物种的适应策略而改变。这项研究强调了了解植被管理如何影响杂草植物以提高酿酒葡萄生产系统可持续性的知识的重要性。