There has been considerable progress in engineering cardiac scaffolds for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). However, it is still challenging to replicate the structural specificity and variability of cardiac tissues using traditional bioengineering approaches. In this study, a four-dimensional (4D) cardiac patch with physiological adaptability has been printed by beam-scanning stereolithography. By combining a unique 4D self-morphing capacity with expandable microstructure, the specific design has been shown to improve both the biomechanical properties of the patches themselves and the dynamic integration of the patch with the beating heart. Our results demonstrate improved vascularization and cardiomyocyte maturation in vitro under physiologically relevant mechanical stimulation, as well as increased cell engraftment and vascular supply in a murine chronic MI model. This work not only potentially provides an effective treatment method for MI but also contributes a cutting-edge methodology to enhance the structural design of complex tissues for organ regeneration.

在用于治疗心肌梗死 (MI) 的工程心脏支架方面取得了相当大的进展。然而，使用传统的生物工程方法复制心脏组织的结构特异性和可变性仍然具有挑战性。在这项研究中，通过光束扫描立体光刻技术打印了具有生理适应性的四维 (4D) 心脏贴片。通过将独特的 4D 自变形能力与可扩展的微结构相结合，特定设计已被证明可以改善贴片本身的生物力学特性以及贴片与跳动心脏的动态整合。我们的结果表明，在生理相关的机械刺激下，体外血管形成和心肌细胞成熟得到改善，以及在小鼠慢性 MI 模型中增加的细胞植入和血管供应。这项工作不仅潜在地为 MI 提供了一种有效的治疗方法，而且还为增强复杂组织的结构设计以促进器官再生提供了一种尖端的方法。