Transplanting beneficial bacteria to the gut microbiome can positively modulate the bacterial composition and remains of great interest in prevention and treatment. However, environmental assaults and rapid transit times in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract result in low oral bioavailability and limited intestinal colonization. Here, we describe a bioinspired strategy of self-coating with biofilms that endows the transplanted gut microbiota with superior resistance and adhesion capacity. Using clinical Bacillus subtilis as a model probiotic bacterium, biofilm-coated probiotics demonstrate substantially improved GI tract tolerance and mucoadhesion in mice and swine. In particular, coated probiotics exhibit a 125-fold higher oral bioavailability and a 17 times greater intestinal colonization than uncoated bacteria in the porcine model. With notable ability to survive and reside in the GI tract, coated bacteria further show a significantly enhanced decolonization effect in mice colonized with Staphylococcus aureus. Self-coating with biofilms suggests a robust platform for oral doses of gut microbiota.

将有益细菌移植到肠道微生物组可以正向调节细菌组成，并且在预防和治疗方面仍然具有极大的兴趣。然而，环境攻击和胃肠道 (GI) 中的快速转运时间导致口服生物利用度低和肠道定植受限。在这里，我们描述了一种生物膜自我包被的生物启发策略，该策略赋予移植的肠道微生物群卓越的抵抗力和粘附能力。使用临床枯草芽孢杆菌作为一种模型益生菌，生物膜包被的益生菌在小鼠和猪中表现出显着改善的胃肠道耐受性和粘膜粘附性。特别是，与猪模型中的未包衣细菌相比，包衣益生菌的口服生物利用度高 125 倍，肠道定植率高 17 倍。由于具有显着的在胃肠道中生存和驻留的能力，涂层细菌在金黄色葡萄球菌定植的小鼠中进一步显示出显着增强的去定植作用。用生物膜进行自我涂层表明了口服剂量肠道微生物群的强大平台。