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Sleeping Eurasian oystercatchers adjust their vigilance in response to the behaviour of neighbours, human disturbance and environmental conditions
Journal of Zoology ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-25 , DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12812 M. McBlain 1 , K. A. Jones 1 , G. Shannon 1
Journal of Zoology ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-25 , DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12812 M. McBlain 1 , K. A. Jones 1 , G. Shannon 1
Affiliation
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Vigilance is a costly behaviour but it enables animals to detect and avoid threats of predation and intraspecific competition. To compensate for the increased risk while sleeping, many bird species have evolved eye‐blinking strategies called peeking, which allows vigilance to persist in a sleep‐like state. However, the drivers of vigilance behaviour during sleep have rarely been explored. We investigated how social factors, anthropogenic disturbance and environmental conditions affected the sleep‐vigilance trade‐off in the Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus). Data were collected on the frequency, total duration and average duration of peeking at two locations on the Menai Strait, North Wales. Our results reveal that exposure to anthropogenic disturbance, particularly the presence of people exercising dogs, led to an increase in vigilance duration and reduced time sleeping, while increasing boat traffic resulted in elevated levels of peek frequency, but the overall duration of vigilance was in fact reduced. Furthermore, oystercatchers adjust their vigilance behaviour according to social context, with reduced levels of individual vigilance when a greater number of animals were present. However, if surrounding neighbours were awake – then the observed animal was more likely to be alert, demonstrating the importance of monitoring the behaviour of conspecifics. Likewise, the temperature and wind speed influenced vigilance with elevated levels of peek frequency observed in warmer and windier conditions. Oystercatchers are able to make fine‐scale adjustments to their vigilance behaviour while asleep, which reduces the risk of external threats such as predators. Nevertheless, they are making these decisions against the backdrop of a finely balanced energy budget, particularly during the winter months. Increased levels of human activity and disturbance may elevate the costs of vigilance and ultimately have fitness implications for this species.
中文翻译：
睡觉的欧亚牡蛎捕捞者会根据邻居的行为，人为干扰和环境条件来调整警惕
警惕是一种昂贵的行为，但它使动物能够发现并避免捕食和种内竞争的威胁。为了弥补睡眠中增加的风险，许多鸟类已经开发出了一种称为“偷看”的眨眼策略，该策略可使警惕保持在类似睡眠的状态。但是，很少研究睡眠时保持警惕行为的驱动因素。我们调查了社会因素，人为干扰和环境条件如何影响欧亚蛎cat（Haematopus ostralegus）。收集了北威尔士梅奈海峡两个地点偷窥的频率，总持续时间和平均持续时间的数据。我们的研究结果表明，暴露于人为干扰（尤其是锻炼狗的人）会导致警惕时间延长和睡眠时间减少，而船流量的增加会导致偷看频率升高，但实际上总体警惕时间是减少。此外，牡蛎捕捞者会根据社交环境来调整警惕行为，当存在更多动物时，个体警觉水平会降低。但是，如果周围的邻居都醒着，那么观察到的动物就更有可能变得机警，这说明了监测物种特异性行为的重要性。同样 温度和风速会影响警惕性，在温暖和多风的条件下观察到的偷窥频率会升高。牡蛎捕猎者可以在入睡时对其警觉行为进行精细调整，从而降低了诸如捕食者等外部威胁的风险。不过，他们是在能源预算非常平衡的背景下做出这些决定的，尤其是在冬季。人类活动和干扰水平的提高可能会提高警惕性，并最终对该物种产生健康影响。他们是在能源预算非常平衡的背景下做出这些决定的，尤其是在冬季。人类活动和干扰水平的提高可能会提高警惕性，并最终对该物种产生健康影响。他们是在能源预算非常平衡的背景下做出这些决定的，尤其是在冬季。人类活动和干扰水平的提高可能会提高警惕性，并最终对该物种产生健康影响。
更新日期：2020-06-25
中文翻译：
睡觉的欧亚牡蛎捕捞者会根据邻居的行为，人为干扰和环境条件来调整警惕
警惕是一种昂贵的行为，但它使动物能够发现并避免捕食和种内竞争的威胁。为了弥补睡眠中增加的风险，许多鸟类已经开发出了一种称为“偷看”的眨眼策略，该策略可使警惕保持在类似睡眠的状态。但是，很少研究睡眠时保持警惕行为的驱动因素。我们调查了社会因素，人为干扰和环境条件如何影响欧亚蛎cat（Haematopus ostralegus）。收集了北威尔士梅奈海峡两个地点偷窥的频率，总持续时间和平均持续时间的数据。我们的研究结果表明，暴露于人为干扰（尤其是锻炼狗的人）会导致警惕时间延长和睡眠时间减少，而船流量的增加会导致偷看频率升高，但实际上总体警惕时间是减少。此外，牡蛎捕捞者会根据社交环境来调整警惕行为，当存在更多动物时，个体警觉水平会降低。但是，如果周围的邻居都醒着，那么观察到的动物就更有可能变得机警，这说明了监测物种特异性行为的重要性。同样 温度和风速会影响警惕性，在温暖和多风的条件下观察到的偷窥频率会升高。牡蛎捕猎者可以在入睡时对其警觉行为进行精细调整，从而降低了诸如捕食者等外部威胁的风险。不过，他们是在能源预算非常平衡的背景下做出这些决定的，尤其是在冬季。人类活动和干扰水平的提高可能会提高警惕性，并最终对该物种产生健康影响。他们是在能源预算非常平衡的背景下做出这些决定的，尤其是在冬季。人类活动和干扰水平的提高可能会提高警惕性，并最终对该物种产生健康影响。他们是在能源预算非常平衡的背景下做出这些决定的，尤其是在冬季。人类活动和干扰水平的提高可能会提高警惕性，并最终对该物种产生健康影响。
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