Recently, new agricultural policies and European Directives brought to important changes in farming practice, some of which could affect food availability for the wild bird population endangering biodiversity. This study aims to evaluate the consequences of such agricultural changes in France on the woodpigeon's dietary regimen. A total of 1,093 woodpigeons were collected over a four‐year period (2014–2017). Voluntary sampling was performed in six regions in the south‐west of France by local hunters during this species’ autumnal migration and wintering. Ingluvies contents were recovered, macroscopically and microscopically identified, and then weighed before and after drying. Five food groups were identified: acorns, corn, green plant material, cultivated seeds and others. ANOVA testing followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparison were performed (R version 3.5.2). Significance was set at p < .05. A total of 762 woodpigeons met the study's inclusion criteria. Mean weight of total crop contents was less of 9 grams of dry matter. Most frequent food groups were “green plant material” (70.3%), acorns (42.3%) and corn (27.2%). In terms of grams of dry matter, the most important food in the crop content were acorns (62%): these were eaten more during the first two hunting seasons (p < .001), and in region A, lower amount was consumed compared to all other regions. On the contrary, corn intake peaked during the third year (p < .001), and in region A, birds had an increasing intake of this cereal. Cultivated seeds contributed to the diet more during migration (p = .007), while “green plant material” and others more during wintering (p = .011; p = .004). In conclusion, results confirm the opportunistic nature of the woodpigeon, balancing its diet according to food availability. Corn was eaten more in areas where the winter burying of chopped maize stover (mulching), provided by the Nitrate's directive, was in derogation.

中文翻译：

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斑鸠 (Columba palumbus) 的饮食方案

最近，新的农业政策和欧洲指令给农业实践带来了重要变化，其中一些可能影响野生鸟类种群的食物供应，从而危及生物多样性。本研究旨在评估法国此类农业变化对木鸽饮食方案的影响。在四年期间（2014-2017 年）共收集了 1,093 只木鸽。在该物种秋季迁徙和越冬期间，当地猎人在法国西南部的六个地区进行了自愿采样。回收Inluvies内容物，进行宏观和微观鉴定，然后在干燥前后称重。确定了五个食物组：橡子、玉米、绿色植物材料、栽培种子等。方差分析测试，然后是 Tukey' 进行了多重比较检验（R 版本 3.5.2）。意义设定为p <  .05。共有 762 只木鸽符合该研究的纳入标准。总作物内容物的平均重量少于 9 克干物质。最常见的食物类别是“绿色植物材料”（70.3%）、橡子（42.3%）和玉米（27.2%）。就干物质克数而言，农作物中最重要的食物是橡子 (62%)：在前两个狩猎季节，橡子的食用量更多 ( p  < .001)，而在 A 区，与橡子相比，食用量更低到所有其他地区。相反，玉米摄入量在第三年达到峰值 ( p  < .001)，在 A 区，鸟类对这种谷物的摄入量增加。栽培的种子在迁徙期间对饮食的贡献更大（p  = .007），而“绿色植物材料”和其他在越冬期间的贡献更大（p  = .011；p  = .004）。总之，结果证实了木鸽的机会主义性质，根据食物供应平衡其饮食。在硝酸盐指令规定的冬季掩埋切碎的玉米秸秆（覆盖物）被贬低的地区，玉米被吃得更多。