Illegal transfer of wildlife has 2 main purposes: trade and scientific research. Trade is the most common, whereas scientific research is much less common and unprofitable, yet still important. Biopiracy in science is often neglected despite that many researchers encounter it during their careers. The use of illegally acquired specimens is detected in different research fields, from scientists bioprospecting for new pharmacological substances, to taxonomists working on natural history collections, to researchers working in zoos, aquariums, and botanical gardens. The practice can be due to a lack of knowledge about the permit requirements in different countries or, probably most often, to the generally high level of bureaucracy associated with rule compliance. Significant regulatory filters to avoid biopiracy can be provided by different stakeholders. Natural history collection hosts should adopt strict codes of conduct; editors of scientific publications should require authors to declare that all studied specimens were acquired legally and to cite museum catalog numbers as guarantee of best practices. Scientific societies should actively encourage publication in peer-reviewed journals of work in which specimens collected from the wild were used. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature could require newly designated types based on recently collected specimens to be accompanied by statements of deposition in recognized scientific or educational institutions. We also propose the creation of an online platform that gathers information about environmental regulations and permits required for scientific activities in different countries and respective responsible governmental agencies and the simplification of the bureaucracy related to regulating scientific activities. This would make regulations more agile and easier to comply with. The global biodiversity crisis means data need to be collected ever faster, but biopiracy is not the answer and undermines the credibility of science and researchers. It is critical to find a modus vivendi that promotes compliance with regulations and scientific progress. Article impact statement: Although poorly debated, illegal collection of wildlife for science is a situation faced by scientists working from bioprospecting to taxonomy and natural history. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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为科学目的收集野生动物

非法转移野生动物有两个主要目的：贸易和科学研究。贸易是最常见的，而科学研究则不那么常见且无利可图，但仍然很重要。尽管许多研究人员在其职业生涯中遇到过生物剽窃，但科学中的生物剽窃往往被忽视。从生物勘探新药理物质的科学家到从事自然历史收藏工作的分类学家，再到在动物园、水族馆和植物园工作的研究人员，不同的研究领域都发现了非法获取标本的使用。这种做法可能是由于缺乏对不同国家的许可要求的了解，或者可能最常见的原因是与规则合规相关的官僚作风普遍较高。不同的利益相关者可以提供重要的监管过滤器，以避免生物剽窃。自然历史收藏主办方应采取严格的行为准则；科学出版物的编辑应该要求作者声明所有研究的标本都是合法获得的，并引用博物馆目录号作为最佳实践的保证。科学学会应积极鼓励在同行评审的工作期刊上发表使用从野外采集的标本。国际动物命名委员会可以要求根据最近收集的标本新指定的类型，并附上在公认的科学或教育机构中的保存声明。我们还建议创建一个在线平台，收集有关不同国家和各自负责的政府机构科学活动所需的环境法规和许可的信息，并简化与规范科学活动有关的官僚机构。这将使法规更加灵活且更易于遵守。全球生物多样性危机意味着需要更快地收集数据，但生物剽窃并非解决之道，而且会削弱科学和研究人员的可信度。找到促进遵守法规和科学进步的临时方法至关重要。文章影响声明：尽管争论不休，但从生物勘探到分类学和自然历史的科学家们都面临着为科学而非法收集野生动物的情况。本文受版权保护。版权所有。