Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer with poor prognosis and high mortality. There is growing information about the factors involved in the pathogenesis of CRC. However, the knowledge of the predisposing factors is limited. The development of CRC is strongly associated with the Wingless/Integrated (Wnt) signaling pathway. This pathway comprises several major target proteins, including LRP5/6, GSK3β, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), axis inhibition protein (Axin), and β-catenin. Genetic variations in these components of the Wnt signaling pathway may lead to the activation of β-catenin, potentially increasing the proliferation of colorectal cells. Because of the potentially important role of the Wnt signaling pathway in CRC, we aimed to review the involvement of different mutations in the main downstream proteins of this pathway, including LRP5/6, APC, GSK3β, Axin, and β-catenin. Determination of the genetic risk factors involved in the progression of CRC may lead to novel approaches for the early diagnosis of CRC and the identification of potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of CRC.

大肠癌（CRC）是一种预后差，死亡率高的常见癌症。有关CRC发病机理的因素的信息越来越多。但是，诱发因素的知识是有限的。CRC的发展与Wingless / Integrated（Wnt）信号通路密切相关。该途径包含几种主要的靶蛋白，包括LRP5 / 6，GSK3β，腺瘤性息肉病（APC），轴抑制蛋白（Axin）和β-连环蛋白。Wnt信号传导途径中这些成分的遗传变异可能导致β-catenin活化，从而可能增加结直肠细胞的增殖。由于Wnt信号通路在CRC中可能具有重要作用，因此我们旨在审查该通路主要下游蛋白中不同突变的参与，包括LRP5 / 6，APC，GSK3β，Axin和β-catenin。确定与CRC进展有关的遗传风险因素可能会导致CRC的早期诊断和CRC潜在治疗靶标的识别新方法。