BACKGROUND Food shopping behaviors may help determine how local food environments influence fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake, especially among food insecure households. OBJECTIVE To examine whether household food security, food access, and food shopping behaviors are associated with F/V intake among residents of a low-income neighborhood. DESIGN Study design is cross-sectional. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING A simple random sample of 451 adults from a low-income neighborhood in Montreal (Canada) were recruited through telephone interviews in 2014. Final analyses included 417 participants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Validated assessment tools were applied to measure F/V intake and to distinguish food secure (FS) from food insecure (FI) participants. Neighborhood food access was calculated according to number of food stores within 0.5 miles of road network buffer of participants' homes. Self-reported food shopping behaviors included trip frequency, store types, and transport used to reach the 3 most frequented stores. Participants also reported on mobility constraints, use of F/V markets, gardening, and perceived access to healthy food. STATISTICAL ANALYSES F/V intake was modeled using multivariable linear regression. RESULTS A sample of adults, of whom 21.3% were living in FI households, reported consuming F/V an average of 4.1 times daily. FI participants had a lower intake of F/V (b = -0.69, P = .04), independent of sociodemographics, food access, resource constraints, perceived access to healthy food, and food shopping behaviors. Participants with mobility constraints had lower F/V intake (b = -0.68, P = .02), while gardening was associated with higher F/V intake (b = 0.59, P = .01). Number of supermarkets (b = -0.06, P = .03) and specialty stores (b = 0.10, P = .04) were associated with F/V intake, although the strength of the association was weak. CONCLUSIONS For FI households, barriers to food access linked to financial challenges are associated with lower intake of F/V. Studies on food environment should include people's experience of food access to better understand the numerous barriers to F/V consumption faced by FI households.

中文翻译：

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获得健康饮食的差异：食品安全和食品购物行为与水果和蔬菜摄入量的关系

背景食物购物行为可能有助于确定当地食物环境如何影响水果和蔬菜 (F/V) 的摄入量，尤其是在粮食不安全的家庭中。目的 研究家庭食品安全、食品获取和食品购物行为是否与低收入社区居民的 F/V 摄入量相关。设计 研究设计是横断面的。参与者/环境 2014 年通过电话采访招募了来自蒙特利尔（加拿大）低收入社区的 451 名成年人的简单随机样本。最终分析包括 417 名参与者。主要结果测量 应用经过验证的评估工具来测量 F/V 摄入量并区分粮食安全 (FS) 和粮食不安全 (FI) 参与者。邻里食物获取是根据0以内的食物商店数量计算的。参与者家中 5 英里的路网缓冲区。自我报告的食品购物行为包括出行频率、商店类型和到达 3 个最常光顾的商店的交通工具。参与者还报告了行​​动限制、F/V 市场的使用、园艺以及对健康食品的感知。统计分析 F/V 摄入量使用多变量线性回归建模。结果 一个成年人样本，其中 21.3% 生活在 FI 家庭，报告平均每天消耗 F/V 4.1 次。FI 参与者的 F/V 摄入量较低（b = -0.69，P = .04），与社会人口统计学、食物获取、资源限制、对健康食物的感知获取和食物购物行为无关。行动不便的参与者的 F/V 摄入量较低（b = -0.68，P = .02），而园艺与较高的 F/V 摄入量相关（b = 0.59，P = .01）。超市 (b = -0.06, P = .03) 和专卖店 (b = 0.10, P = .04) 的数量与 F/V 摄入量相关，尽管关联强度较弱。结论 对于 FI 家庭，与财务挑战相关的食物获取障碍与 F/V 摄入量较低有关。对食物环境的研究应包括人们获得食物的经验，以更好地了解 FI 家庭在 F/V 消费方面面临的众多障碍。