Lead-carbon hybrid capacitors are the electrochemical devices between supercapacitors and lead-acid batteries, with low prices, stability in high and low temperature, good security and broad application prospects. This paper introduces an electrodeposition behavior of Pb²⁺ on the negative electrode, which can improve the cycle life of the lead–carbon hybrid capacitor. During the charging process, lead ions in the electrolyte can diffuse from the positive electrode of the lead–carbon hybrid capacitor into the negative electrode. When charging at a low current density, the lead ions around the negative electrode can be reduced to lead, and it is then quickly converted to lead sulfate crystals. With the increase of the number of cycles, the final result is sulfation. Sulfation can reduce the specific surface area of the electric double layer, thereby reducing the capacitance performance of the carbon material. As a result, it reduces the charge–discharge efficiency of the lead–carbon hybrid capacitor. The service life of lead–carbon hybrid capacitor is significantly improved by the inhibition of lead deposition by anion exchange membrane. The capacity retention rate at 5 A/g is improved from 84% after 1000 cycles to 95% after 10,000 cycles. The discovery of lead deposition in the negative electrode is conducive to improving the performance of long-life lead–carbon hybrid capacitors.

铅碳混合电容器是超级电容器和铅酸电池之间的电化学装置，价格低廉，在高温和低温下稳定，安全性好，具有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了Pb ²⁺的电沉积行为在负极上，可以改善铅-碳混合电容器的循环寿命。在充电过程中，电解质中的铅离子可从铅-碳混合电容器的正极扩散到负极。当以低电流密度充电时，可以将负极周围的铅离子还原为铅，然后迅速将其转化为硫酸铅晶体。随着循环次数的增加，最终结果是硫酸盐化。硫酸化可减少双电层的比表面积，从而降低碳材料的电容性能。结果，它降低了铅碳混合电容器的充放电效率。通过抑制阴离子交换膜对铅的沉积，可以显着提高铅-碳混合电容器的使用寿命。5 A / g时的容量保持率从1000次循环后的84％提高到10,000次循环后的95％。在负极中发现铅沉积有利于改善长寿命的铅碳混合电容器的性能。